Impacto adverso de perdas e separações traumática em adolescentes
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2022
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O presente estudo, em que participaram adolescentes com história de perdas e
separações traumáticas, teve como objetivo avaliar se estas separações/perdas
traumáticas estão associadas a sintomatologia de PTSD, problemas comportamentais e
emocionais assim como avaliar de que forma jovens que têm na sua experiência de vida
perda ou separação traumáticas de cuidadores primários apresentam mais
sintomatologia traumática quando comparados com jovens que têm na sua experiência
de vida perdas ou separação traumáticas de outros significativos. Método: A amostra
foi constituída por 404 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18
anos (M= 15.74; DP=1.21), sendo que 241 eram do sexo feminino (59.7%) e 163 do
sexo masculino (40.3%). Para além disso, 275 (68.1%) foram avaliados em contexto de
Escola Profissional (EP), 27 (6.7%) em contexto de Comissão de Proteção de Crianças e
Jovens (CPCJ) e 102 (25.2%) em instituição/ casa de acolhimento (IA). Resultados: Os
testes t-student revelaram que os adolescentes que relataram perda traumática de outros
significativos e separação traumática de outros significativos foram os que apresentaram
médias significativamente superiores de sintomatologia de PTSD, problemas
comportamentais e emocionais, comparativamente aos adolescentes que não relataram
perda ou separação traumáticas. As ANOVAS, na comparação entre adolescentes que
relataram perdas de outros significativos com os adolescentes que não tiveram qualquer
perda traumática apresentaram médias significativamente superiores de sintomatologia
PTSD. Na comparação entre os adolescentes que relataram apenas perda de outras
pessoas significativas, com os adolescentes que relataram ambas as perdas,
apresentaram médias significativamente superiores de problemas emocionais e
comportamentais, quando comparados com jovens que não relataram qualquer perda, ou
relataram apenas a perda de cuidadores primários. Conclusões: A nível de implicações
práticas, o estudo sugere que perda ou separação, de cuidadores primários e/ou de outros significativos, tem um impacto na saúde mental dos jovens. Sugere-se ainda o
investimento em programas de intervenção que tenham como objetivo diminuir o
impacto destas experiências traumáticas nos jovens, nomeadamente o desenvolvimento
de sintomatologia PTSD e problemas comportamentais/emocionais.
The present study, with a sample of adolescents with a history of traumatic losses and separations, aimed to assess whether these traumatic separations/losses were associated with PTSD symptomatology, behavioral and emotional problems. This study also aimed to assess if young people that report traumatic loss or separation from primary caregivers have more traumatic symptoms when compared to young people who have traumatic loss or separation from significant others in their life experience. Method: The sample consisted of 404 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.74; SD = 1.21), of which 241 were female (59.7%) and 163 male (40.3%). Two hundred and seventy-five adolescents (68.1%) were assessed in the context of vocational schools, 27 (6.7%) in the context of Child Protective Services, and 102 (25.2%) in residential institutions. Results: Student t-tests, in the comparison between adolescents who had traumatic loss and those who did not have traumatic loss, and adolescents who had traumatic separation and those who did not have traumatic separation, revealed that adolescents who reported traumatic loss from significant others and those who reported traumatic separation from significant others were those who had significantly higher means of PTSD symptomatology, behavioral and emotional problems. The ANOVAs, in the comparison between adolescents who reported losses of significant others with adolescents who did not have any traumatic loss, had significantly higher means of PTSD symptomatology. And, when comparing teenagers who reported only loss of significant others with teenagers who reported both losses, they had significantly higher averages of emotional and behavioral problems, when compared to teenagers who reported no loss, or reported only loss of caregivers primary. Conclusions: At the level of practical implications, the study suggests that loss or separation from primary caregivers and/or significant others has an impact on the mental health of young people. It is also suggested to invest in intervention programs that aim to reduce the impact of these traumatic experiences on young people, namely the development of PTSD symptoms and behavioral/emotional problems.
The present study, with a sample of adolescents with a history of traumatic losses and separations, aimed to assess whether these traumatic separations/losses were associated with PTSD symptomatology, behavioral and emotional problems. This study also aimed to assess if young people that report traumatic loss or separation from primary caregivers have more traumatic symptoms when compared to young people who have traumatic loss or separation from significant others in their life experience. Method: The sample consisted of 404 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.74; SD = 1.21), of which 241 were female (59.7%) and 163 male (40.3%). Two hundred and seventy-five adolescents (68.1%) were assessed in the context of vocational schools, 27 (6.7%) in the context of Child Protective Services, and 102 (25.2%) in residential institutions. Results: Student t-tests, in the comparison between adolescents who had traumatic loss and those who did not have traumatic loss, and adolescents who had traumatic separation and those who did not have traumatic separation, revealed that adolescents who reported traumatic loss from significant others and those who reported traumatic separation from significant others were those who had significantly higher means of PTSD symptomatology, behavioral and emotional problems. The ANOVAs, in the comparison between adolescents who reported losses of significant others with adolescents who did not have any traumatic loss, had significantly higher means of PTSD symptomatology. And, when comparing teenagers who reported only loss of significant others with teenagers who reported both losses, they had significantly higher averages of emotional and behavioral problems, when compared to teenagers who reported no loss, or reported only loss of caregivers primary. Conclusions: At the level of practical implications, the study suggests that loss or separation from primary caregivers and/or significant others has an impact on the mental health of young people. It is also suggested to invest in intervention programs that aim to reduce the impact of these traumatic experiences on young people, namely the development of PTSD symptoms and behavioral/emotional problems.
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Orientação: Ricardo José Martins Pinto
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, ADOLESCÊNCIA, ADOLESCENCE, LUTO, MOURNING, TRAUMAS PSICOLÓGICOS, PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA, SEPARAÇÃO, SEPARATION