A prova no âmbito dos programas de cumprimento : procedimentos empresariais e o Processo Penal
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2021
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Decorrente do processo evolutivo do direito comercial, que surge enquanto ramo
autónomo do direito na Idade Média e pese embora a figura da sociedade comercial não seja
recente, sobrevive o problema de definir o que é uma sociedade comercial, sendo que este
conceito tem vindo a alterar-se e compor-se ao longo dos últimos séculos, bem como tem
vindo a alterar-se a organização interna das sociedades.
Sendo um instituto com caracter evolutivo, no início do presente século começam a
surgir preocupações inerentes à organização das sociedades e à sua regulação, sendo esta
preocupação fruto do descobrimento dos abusos que estão na origem da crise de 2007 –
2008. Neste sentido, começam a ser discutidos os modelos e sistemas de governo societário
bem como os programas de cumprimento que nestes se inserem.
Todavia, pese embora estes programas de cumprimento se apresentem como forma
de permitir que a sociedade, através da avaliação de riscos consiga prevenir e evitar o
cometimento de crimes no seu interior através da implementação de códigos de conduta e
ética, pode acontecer que estes não sejam adequados a realidade societária e que seja
descoberto o cometimento de um crime.
Neste sentido, ao abrigo do programa de cumprimento, será desencadeado uma
investigação interna com o objetivo de investigar os factos que são denunciados. Decorrente
da investigação interna serão recolhidas provas no contexto societário e cujas apresentam o
desafio de saber se, ao abrigo da lei e dos princípios do ordenamento jurídico português, será
esta prova admissível junto do processo penal.
As a result of the evolutionary process of commercial law, which emerged as an autonomous branch of law in the Middle Ages and despite the fact that the figure of commercial society is not recent, the problem of defining what is a commercial society x survives, and this concept has changed and been composed over the past centuries, as well as the internal organization of societies. Being an institute with an evolutionary character, at the beginning of the present century, concerns inherent to the organization of societies and their regulation began to arise. This concern is the result of the discovery of the abuses that were at the origin of the 2007 - 2008 crisis. As such, the models and systems of corporate governance as well as the compliance programs that rise as a way to achive the good corporate governance, start being discussed. However, despite the fact that these compliance programs are presented as a way of allowing society, through risk assessment, to prevent and avoid the commission of crimes within them through the implementation of codes of conduct and ethics, it may happen that they are not adequate to corporate reality and that the commission of a crime is discovered. Considering this, the compliance program will launch an internal investigation in order to investigate the facts that are reported. As a result of the internal investigation, evidences will be collected by the company and which will presente the challenge to determine whether, under the law and the principles of the portuguese legal system, this evidence will be admissible in criminal proceedings.
As a result of the evolutionary process of commercial law, which emerged as an autonomous branch of law in the Middle Ages and despite the fact that the figure of commercial society is not recent, the problem of defining what is a commercial society x survives, and this concept has changed and been composed over the past centuries, as well as the internal organization of societies. Being an institute with an evolutionary character, at the beginning of the present century, concerns inherent to the organization of societies and their regulation began to arise. This concern is the result of the discovery of the abuses that were at the origin of the 2007 - 2008 crisis. As such, the models and systems of corporate governance as well as the compliance programs that rise as a way to achive the good corporate governance, start being discussed. However, despite the fact that these compliance programs are presented as a way of allowing society, through risk assessment, to prevent and avoid the commission of crimes within them through the implementation of codes of conduct and ethics, it may happen that they are not adequate to corporate reality and that the commission of a crime is discovered. Considering this, the compliance program will launch an internal investigation in order to investigate the facts that are reported. As a result of the internal investigation, evidences will be collected by the company and which will presente the challenge to determine whether, under the law and the principles of the portuguese legal system, this evidence will be admissible in criminal proceedings.
Descrição
Orientação: Inês Fernandes Godinho
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM DIREITO, DIREITO, SOCIEDADES COMERCIAIS, PROCESSO PENAL, LAW, COMMERCIAL COMPANIES, CRIMINAL PROCEDURE