Avaliação dos parâmetros reprodutivos de uma vacada de raça Alentejana em regime extensivo no Alentejo
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Data
2019
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A produção de bovinos de carne em regime extensivo, atualmente depende, maioritariamente, do nascimento de vitelos na exploração, quer para posterior venda, quer na atribuição de subsídios. Atualmente, apenas as vacas com um determinado intervalo entre partos (IEP) recebem subsídios, o que leva os produtores a terem um maior cuidado com o maneio reprodutivo da exploração.
Tal como referido no parágrafo anterior, o IEP é o fator mais importante a avaliar numa exploração de bovinos de carne. Há vários fatores que influenciam, significativamente o IEP, como por exemplo as condições climatéricas, a disponibilidade de alimento, o mês do parto, o ano do parto, a idade da reprodutora, o genótipo e o sexo do vitelo. O IEP também pode ser afetado por problemas reprodutivos e pela condição sanitária do efetivo.
Neste estudo, avaliámos o IEP da vacada da herdade do Poceirão, a fim de melhorar os índices reprodutivos, aumentando assim a rentabilidade da exploração. A exploração tem um maneio reprodutivo em que os machos se encontram 7 meses na vacada e 5 meses afastados da mesma, ou seja, são introduzidos no início de dezembro e retirados no início de julho.
Dentro do estudo, avaliamos vários fatores que têm influência no IEP, como o mês do parto, a idade da vaca, o ano do parto, idade da vaca ao primeiro parto, o sexo e o genótipo do vitelo. Para efetuarmos este estudo, foram analisados estatisticamente, todos os dados da exploração registados de 1994 até 2017.
Em relação aos dados obtidos na análise, verificámos que a exploração tem uma média de IEP de 469 dias (±.139.57327), havendo, porém, ao longo dos anos uma acentuada oscilação deste valor. No ano de 2001, houve uma média de IEP de 402 dias (± 13.494082), bem como em 2007, houve uma média de 403 dias (±10.724587). Números estes que são bastante satisfatórios em relação à média da exploração. Por sua vez, 2011 e 2012 foram os anos com uma subida acentuada do tempo do IEP com 581 e 614 dias respetivamente.
Por fim, com o presente trabalho pudemos concluir que de todos os parâmetros avaliados, o único que não teve influência significativa (P≥0,5) no IEP foi o genótipo do vitelo. Todos os outros parâmetros como o mês do parto, a idade da vaca, o ano do parto, a idade da vaca ao primeiro parto e o sexo do vitelo influenciaram, significativamente, (P0,01) o intervalo entre partos.
The extensive beef cattle production currently depends mainly on calves being born on the farm, either for subsequent sale or in the allocation of subsidies. Currently only cows with a given calving interval are allocated with subsidies, which leads farmers to take greater care of the farm's reproductive management. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, the calving interval is the most important factor to be assessed in a beef cattle production. There are several factors that influence the calving interval, such as climatic conditions, feed availability, the month of calving, the year of calving, breeder age, calf genotype and calf sex. The calving interval can also be affected by reproductive problems and by the sanitary condition of the stock. In this study we tried to evaluate the calving interval of the herd of the Poceirão farm in order to improve the reproductive indexes, thus improving the profitability of the farm. The farm has a reproductive management in which the Bulls are 7 months within the herd and 5 months away from the herd, that is, they are introduced in the beginning of December and withdrawn in the beginning of July. In the study, we evaluated several factors that influence the calving interval, such as the month of calving, breeder age, the year of calving, breeder age at the first calving, gender and calf genotype. In order to carry out this study we analysed statistically all farm data recorded from 1994 to 2017. Regarding the data obtained in the analysis, we found that the average of the calving interval in the farm is of 469 days, but over the years there has been a significant oscillation of this value. In the year 2001 there was an average of calving interval of 402 days as well as in 2007 there was an average of 403 days. These numbers are quite satisfactory in relation to the average of the farm. In turn 2011 and 2012 were the years with a dizzying climb of calving interval with 581 and 614 days respectively. Finally, based on the present study we could conclude that of all evaluated parameters, the only one that does not have significant influence (P≥0.5) in the calving interval is the calf genotype. All other parameters such as the month of calving, breeder age, the year of calving, breeder age at the first calving and the sex of the calf significantly influence the calving interval (P0,01).
The extensive beef cattle production currently depends mainly on calves being born on the farm, either for subsequent sale or in the allocation of subsidies. Currently only cows with a given calving interval are allocated with subsidies, which leads farmers to take greater care of the farm's reproductive management. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, the calving interval is the most important factor to be assessed in a beef cattle production. There are several factors that influence the calving interval, such as climatic conditions, feed availability, the month of calving, the year of calving, breeder age, calf genotype and calf sex. The calving interval can also be affected by reproductive problems and by the sanitary condition of the stock. In this study we tried to evaluate the calving interval of the herd of the Poceirão farm in order to improve the reproductive indexes, thus improving the profitability of the farm. The farm has a reproductive management in which the Bulls are 7 months within the herd and 5 months away from the herd, that is, they are introduced in the beginning of December and withdrawn in the beginning of July. In the study, we evaluated several factors that influence the calving interval, such as the month of calving, breeder age, the year of calving, breeder age at the first calving, gender and calf genotype. In order to carry out this study we analysed statistically all farm data recorded from 1994 to 2017. Regarding the data obtained in the analysis, we found that the average of the calving interval in the farm is of 469 days, but over the years there has been a significant oscillation of this value. In the year 2001 there was an average of calving interval of 402 days as well as in 2007 there was an average of 403 days. These numbers are quite satisfactory in relation to the average of the farm. In turn 2011 and 2012 were the years with a dizzying climb of calving interval with 581 and 614 days respectively. Finally, based on the present study we could conclude that of all evaluated parameters, the only one that does not have significant influence (P≥0.5) in the calving interval is the calf genotype. All other parameters such as the month of calving, breeder age, the year of calving, breeder age at the first calving and the sex of the calf significantly influence the calving interval (P0,01).
Descrição
Orientação: Daniel Murta ;
co-orientação: Carlos Bettencourt
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE, PECUÁRIA, MANEIO REPRODUTIVO, BOVÍDEOS, LIVESTOCK FARMING, REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT, BOVIDS, ANIMAIS DE TALHO, MEAT ANIMALS