Acidose ruminal : prevalência e principais causas em sistemas de engorda intensiva de bovinos
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2017
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A acidose ruminal é uma doença do foro digestivo bastante frequente em sistemas de engorda intensiva (feedlot) de bovinos, levando a grandes quebras na performance dos animais. Trata-se de uma excessiva acumulação de ácido no rúmen que resulta de um desequilíbrio entre a sua produção, utilização e absorção. A gravidade desta doença está relacionada com a quantidade, frequência e duração da administração de dietas ricas em grão e pobres em fibra, podendo tratar-se de acidose aguda se houver acumulação de ácido láctico ou subaguda se houver acumulação de ácidos gordos voláteis.
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de lesões ruminais causadas por acidose ruminal em 6 explorações de engorda intensiva e relacioná-las com as principais causas (alimentação e maneio). De maneira a atingir este objetivo foram analisados macroscopicamente em matadouro 218 rúmenes. A avaliação do maneio praticado nas várias explorações foi feita através de um inquérito e cada alimento foi analisado em laboratório para a quantificação dos teores de matéria seca, amido, proteína bruta, gordura bruta, celulose bruta, fibra neutro detergente e fibra ácido detergente.
No geral, foi encontrada uma elevada prevalência desta doença (65,6%), sendo que em termos de lesões ruminais, 47,41% dos animais analisados apresentavam lesões compatíveis com a forma subaguda da doença e 17,83% com a forma aguda. Foram também encontradas diferenças significativas nos resultados das várias explorações, o que poderá ser justificado pelas discrepâncias encontradas nas avaliações de maneio e alimentação.
Desta forma demonstrou-se que o problema das acidoses ruminais é uma realidade em explorações de engorda de bovinos. Identificou-se também o fato de existirem marcadas diferenças entre explorações e que estas se devem aos fatores alimentação e maneio.
Ruminal acidosis is a common gastrointestinal disease in feedlot cattle, which can lead to poor performances. It is caused by an excessive accumulation of rumen acid resulting from an imbalance between its production, use and absorption. Its severity is related to the quantity, frequency and duration of administration of rich grain, poor in fibre diets and it may occur as an acute form, with accumulation of lactic acid or a subacute form with the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of ruminal lesions caused by ruminal acidosis in 6 feedlot farms and relate them to the main causes, feeding and management. To achieve this objective 218 rumens were macroscopically evaluated in the slaughterhouse. An evaluation of the farms management was made through an inquire and feed was analysed regarding the contents of dry matter, starch, crude protein, crude fat, crude cellulose, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre. Overall, a high prevalence of this disease was found (65,6%). Of all the animals analysed, 47.41% presented lesions compatible with the subacute form of the disease and 17.83% with the acute form. Significant differences were also found in the results of the various farms, which may be justified by the discrepancies found in the management and feeding evaluations. This way, it was demonstrated that the ruminal acidosis problem in feedlot cattle is a reality. It was also identified the fact that its prevalence may vary from farm to farm and that these variations depend on the factors feeding and management.
Ruminal acidosis is a common gastrointestinal disease in feedlot cattle, which can lead to poor performances. It is caused by an excessive accumulation of rumen acid resulting from an imbalance between its production, use and absorption. Its severity is related to the quantity, frequency and duration of administration of rich grain, poor in fibre diets and it may occur as an acute form, with accumulation of lactic acid or a subacute form with the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of ruminal lesions caused by ruminal acidosis in 6 feedlot farms and relate them to the main causes, feeding and management. To achieve this objective 218 rumens were macroscopically evaluated in the slaughterhouse. An evaluation of the farms management was made through an inquire and feed was analysed regarding the contents of dry matter, starch, crude protein, crude fat, crude cellulose, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre. Overall, a high prevalence of this disease was found (65,6%). Of all the animals analysed, 47.41% presented lesions compatible with the subacute form of the disease and 17.83% with the acute form. Significant differences were also found in the results of the various farms, which may be justified by the discrepancies found in the management and feeding evaluations. This way, it was demonstrated that the ruminal acidosis problem in feedlot cattle is a reality. It was also identified the fact that its prevalence may vary from farm to farm and that these variations depend on the factors feeding and management.
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Orientação : Sofia van Harten
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, BOVÍDEOS, ACIDOSE, RUMINANTES, DOENÇAS DO SISTEMA DIGESTIVO, VETERINARY MEDICINE, BOVIDS, ACIDOSIS, RUMINANTS, DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES, PECUÁRIA, LIVESTOCK FARMING