Distócia em vacas de carne
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Data
2016
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O principal objectivo deste estudo visa caracterizar a ocorrência da origem dos tipos
de distócia em vacas de carne, em regime extensivo, identificando a respectiva causa, a fim
de prevenir e melhorar tanto o bem-estar animal como as perdas económicas que advêm de
um parto distócico.
O estudo foi realizado em diferentes explorações agrícolas do distrito de Évora, e
clientes do Hospital Veterinário Muralha de Évora (HVME), num período temporal de dois
meses (1 de Fevereiro de 2016 a 5 de Abril de 2016). Foi solicitado aos Médicos
Veterinários (M.V) o preenchimento de um questionário de campo, incidindo em aspectos
como raça dos progenitores, idade da fêmea, número de partos (1ª, 2ª, 3ª ou mais barrigas),
tipo de cobrição (monta natural, inseminação artificial - I.A), tipo de origem de distócia
(maternal, fetal, ambas), causa de origem maternal (atonia ou inércia uterina, hipertonia
uterina, torção uterina, prolapso vaginal, estreitamento das vias fetais moles, estreitamento
das vias fetais duras), causa de origem fetal (desproporção feto-maternal (DFM),
malformações, estática fetal – apresentação, posição, atitude ou postura), género do
bezerro (macho ou fêmea), viabilidade do bezerro (nado morto ou nado vivo), parto gemelar,
cesariana, fetotomia, feto enfisematoso, necessidade e quando foi chamado o M.V.
Obtiveram-se 61 questionários de campo preenchidos, referentes a 61 partos
distócicos e 62 nascimentos de bezerros (44 machos e 18 fêmeas).
De acordo com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que grande maioria das fêmeas
foram postas à cobrição em idade muito jovem (2,5 anos ao parto – 20 fêmeas e 3 anos ao
parto – 11 fêmeas), demonstrando um fraco desenvolvimento (imaturidade maternal), o que
levou a que as causas de distócia apuradas fossem de origem maternal.
Recomendando-se, de entre outras medidas preventivas e correctivas, a iniciação
da reprodução das fêmeas apenas quando atingirem a idade ao parto mais adequada, com
o intuito de obter partos eutócicos.
The main objective of this study is to characterize the occurrence of the origin of the types of dystocia in beef cows, in extensive regime, identifying the respectiv cause, with the aim to prevent and improve both animal welfare and economic losses that come from a dystocic birth. The study was curried out in different farms in the district of Évora, and clients of the Hospital Veterinário Muralha de Évora (HVME), in a period of two months (1 February 2016 to 5 April 2016). Veterinary Doctor were asked to complete a field questionaire, focusing on aspects such as race of the parents, ages of females, number of birth (1st, 2nd, 3rd or more belleis), type of mating (natural mating, artificial insenination – IA), type of origin of dystocia (maternal, fetal, both), cause of maternal origin (uterine atony or inertia, uterine hypertonia, uterine torsion, vaginal prolapse, narrowing of soft fetal pathways, narrowing of hard fetal pathways), cause of fetal origin (fetopelvic disproportion, malformations, fetal static – presentation, position, attitude or posture), calf gender (male or female), calf viability (stillborn or liveborn), twin birth, cesarean section, fetotomy, emphysematous fetus, need and when it was called the Veterinarian. We obtained 61 complited field questionnaires, referring to 61 dystocic births and 62 birth of calves (44 males and 18 females). According to the results obtained the great majority of the females were submitted to delivery at a very young age (2,5 years at delivery – 20 females and 3 years at delivery – 11 females), showing a weak development (maternal immaturity), by that the causes of dystocia determined were mostely of maternal origin. It is recommended, amoung other preventive and corrective measures, to iniciate the reprodution of females only when they reach the age for birth more adequate, in order to obtain normal deliveries.
The main objective of this study is to characterize the occurrence of the origin of the types of dystocia in beef cows, in extensive regime, identifying the respectiv cause, with the aim to prevent and improve both animal welfare and economic losses that come from a dystocic birth. The study was curried out in different farms in the district of Évora, and clients of the Hospital Veterinário Muralha de Évora (HVME), in a period of two months (1 February 2016 to 5 April 2016). Veterinary Doctor were asked to complete a field questionaire, focusing on aspects such as race of the parents, ages of females, number of birth (1st, 2nd, 3rd or more belleis), type of mating (natural mating, artificial insenination – IA), type of origin of dystocia (maternal, fetal, both), cause of maternal origin (uterine atony or inertia, uterine hypertonia, uterine torsion, vaginal prolapse, narrowing of soft fetal pathways, narrowing of hard fetal pathways), cause of fetal origin (fetopelvic disproportion, malformations, fetal static – presentation, position, attitude or posture), calf gender (male or female), calf viability (stillborn or liveborn), twin birth, cesarean section, fetotomy, emphysematous fetus, need and when it was called the Veterinarian. We obtained 61 complited field questionnaires, referring to 61 dystocic births and 62 birth of calves (44 males and 18 females). According to the results obtained the great majority of the females were submitted to delivery at a very young age (2,5 years at delivery – 20 females and 3 years at delivery – 11 females), showing a weak development (maternal immaturity), by that the causes of dystocia determined were mostely of maternal origin. It is recommended, amoung other preventive and corrective measures, to iniciate the reprodution of females only when they reach the age for birth more adequate, in order to obtain normal deliveries.
Descrição
Orientação : Carlos Bettencourt ; co-orientação : Nuno Vicente Prates
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, BOVÍDEOS, DISTÓCIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE, BOVIDS, DYSTOCIA, PECUÁRIA, LIVESTOCK FARMING, ANIMAIS DE TALHO, MEAT ANIMALS