Vitimização sexual : o papel dos traços do espectro do autismo e das crenças sobre o consentimento sexual e sobre a violência sexual
Miniatura indisponível
Data
2022
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Vários estudos se têm dedicado à compreensão das experiências de vitimização
sexual. Para além de fatores de risco, como pertencer ao género feminino, outros têm
sido explorados, tal como o papel das crenças sobre a violência. Uma dos temas mais
recentemente estudados está relacionado com o risco acrescido de pessoas com
condições neuropsicológicas têm de ser vitimas desta forma de violência, tendo as
pessoas com traços autísticos sido identificadas como uma população particularmente
vulnerável. Porém, este é um tema ainda inexplorado no nosso país, necessitando de
melhor compreensão, nomeadamente do papel das crenças sobre o consentimento
sexual na explicação do fenómeno da vitimização sexual. O presente estudo transversal,
descritivo e correlacional teve como principais objetivos: caraterizar as experiências de
vitimização em função de variáveis sóciodemográficas relevantes e da presença de
traços de autismo; e explorar o papel das variáveis sociodemográficas, das crenças sobre
o consentimento sexual e sobre a violência sexual, e da dos traços de autismo
na predição de experiÊncias de vitimização sexual. Participaram no estudo 420
participantes adultos da população geral entre os 19e os 74 anos, dos quais 287 eram
mulheres e 131 homens. Os participantes preencheram um protocolo de investigação
recolhido via online constituído por um questionário geral, pela Escala do
Consentimento Sexual – Revista (Humphreys & Brousseau, 2010), Escala de
Experiências Sexuais – Subescala de vitimização (Koss et al., 2006), Escala de Crenças
sobre Violência Sexual (ECVS) (Martins et al., 2012) e Coeficiente de Espectro Autista
(Allison et al., 2012) – versão resumida. Os resultados demonstraram que as
experiências e vitimização variam em função da idade e da orientação sexual. Existem
diferenças entre vitimas e não vitimas em relação aos níveis de autismo, com as vitimas
a revelarem mais caracteristicas autênticas do que as não-vitimas, e em relação às
crenças e maior consciência do consentimento sexual. De entre todas as variáveis
preditoras utilizadas neste estudo, que foram exploradas conjuntamente, a única que
teve um papel significativo na vitimizaçao sexual foi a presença de traços autisticos.
Deste modo, os nossos resultados salientam a importância de adequar a educação sexual
às necessidades características especificas desta população e salienta a importância das
estratégias de medidas de prevenção e de intervenção na área da violência sexual
incluírem pessoas com orientações sexuais diversas e com perturbações do neuro
desenvolvimento.
Several studies have been dedicated to understanding the experiences of sexual victimization. In addition to risk factors, such as belonging to the female gender, others have been explored, such as the role of beliefs about violence. One of the most recently studied topics is related to the increased risk that people with neuropsychological conditions have to be victims of this form of violence, with people with autistic traits having been identified as a particularly vulnerable population. However, this is an unexplored topic in our country, requiring better understanding, namely the role of beliefs about sexual consent in explaining the phenomenon of sexual victimization. The main objectives of this cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study were: to characterize the experiences of victimization in terms of relevant sociodemographic variables and the presence of autism traits; and explore the role of sociodemographic variables, beliefs about sexual consent and sexual violence, and autism traits in predicting sexual victimization experiences. A total of 420 adult participants from the general population between 19 and 74 years old participated in the study, of which 287 were women and 131 men. Participants completed a research protocol collected online, consisting of a general questionnaire, the Sexual Consent Scale – Magazine (Humphreys & Brousseau, 2010), Sexual Experiences Scale – Victimization Subscale (Koss et al., 2006), Beliefs about Sexual Violence (ECVS) (Martins et al., 2012) and Autistic Spectrum Coefficient (Allison et al., 2012) – abridged version. The results showed that experiences and victimization vary according to age and sexual orientation. There are differences between victims and non-victims in terms of levels of autism, with victims revealing more autistic characteristics than non-victims, and in terms of beliefs and greater awareness of sexual consent. Of all the predictor variables used in this study, which were explored together, the only one that played a significant role in sexual victimization was the presence of autistic traits. In this way, our results emphasize the importance of adapting sex education to the specific needs characteristics of this population and emphasizes the importance of strategies for prevention and intervention measures in the area of sexual violence to include people with diverse sexual orientations and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Several studies have been dedicated to understanding the experiences of sexual victimization. In addition to risk factors, such as belonging to the female gender, others have been explored, such as the role of beliefs about violence. One of the most recently studied topics is related to the increased risk that people with neuropsychological conditions have to be victims of this form of violence, with people with autistic traits having been identified as a particularly vulnerable population. However, this is an unexplored topic in our country, requiring better understanding, namely the role of beliefs about sexual consent in explaining the phenomenon of sexual victimization. The main objectives of this cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study were: to characterize the experiences of victimization in terms of relevant sociodemographic variables and the presence of autism traits; and explore the role of sociodemographic variables, beliefs about sexual consent and sexual violence, and autism traits in predicting sexual victimization experiences. A total of 420 adult participants from the general population between 19 and 74 years old participated in the study, of which 287 were women and 131 men. Participants completed a research protocol collected online, consisting of a general questionnaire, the Sexual Consent Scale – Magazine (Humphreys & Brousseau, 2010), Sexual Experiences Scale – Victimization Subscale (Koss et al., 2006), Beliefs about Sexual Violence (ECVS) (Martins et al., 2012) and Autistic Spectrum Coefficient (Allison et al., 2012) – abridged version. The results showed that experiences and victimization vary according to age and sexual orientation. There are differences between victims and non-victims in terms of levels of autism, with victims revealing more autistic characteristics than non-victims, and in terms of beliefs and greater awareness of sexual consent. Of all the predictor variables used in this study, which were explored together, the only one that played a significant role in sexual victimization was the presence of autistic traits. In this way, our results emphasize the importance of adapting sex education to the specific needs characteristics of this population and emphasizes the importance of strategies for prevention and intervention measures in the area of sexual violence to include people with diverse sexual orientations and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Filipa Gordino Beato
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM TRANSDISCIPLINAR DE SEXOLOGIA, SEXOLOGIA, VITIMAÇÃO, AUTISMO, VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL, SEXOLOGY, VICTIMISATION, AUTISM, SEXUAL VIOLENCE