Estudo morfométrico do crânio do gato doméstico com recurso à tomografia computorizada
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2016
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Os estudos morfométricos de estruturas anatómicas por métodos quantitativos permitem a deteção e a avaliação de alterações intra e interespecíficas. As dimensões e proporções anatómicas da cabeça óssea e do crânio do gato doméstico, devido à sua complexidade, ainda não se encontram devidamente caracterizadas.
Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma análise morfométrica da cabeça óssea e do crânio no gato doméstico a partir de imagens de tomografia computorizada. Esta avaliação incluiu 37 gatos domésticos da raça Europeu Comum e nove gatos de outras raças distintas, sujeitos a este exame imagiológico durante o período compreendido entre março de 2014 e novembro de 2015 no Hospital Veterinário do Restelo (Lisboa).
As medidas lineares avaliadas foram o comprimento da cabeça óssea (CCO), comprimento craniano (CCn), comprimento nasal (CN), largura craniana (LCn), índice craniano (ICn), altura interna do crânio (ACi), altura externa do crânio (ACe), comprimento interno do crânio (CCi), comprimento externo do crânio (CCe), índice do crânio interno (ICi), índice do crânio externo (ICe), índice do crânio interno e cabeça óssea (ICCi), índice do crânio externo e cabeça óssea (ICCe), largura do forâmen magno (LFM), altura do forâmen magno (AFM) e índice do forâmen magno (IFM). Adicionalmente, avaliou-se o efeito do sexo sobre estes parâmetros. Num animal, realizou-se o cálculo do volume da cavidade craniana através de uma metodologia de cálculo computacional.
Os resultados obtidos permitiram determinar os seguintes valores de referência de cabeça óssea e crânio do gato Europeu Comum: CCO = 8,94 cm, CCn = 8,21 cm, CN =0,73 cm, LCn = 4,28 cm, ICn = 52,18%, ACi =2,88 cm, ACe = 3,35, CCi = 5,53 cm, CCe = 6,32 cm, ICi = 45,62%, ICe = 53,06%, ICCi = 61,93%, ICCe = 70,70%, LFM = 1,337 cm, AFM = 1,01 cm e IFM = 75,37%. Constatou-se que a população estudada era homogénea, com exceção do CN, e existe um dimorfismo sexual, no qual os machos apresentam dimensões superiores. De entre os nove gatos não Europeu Comum, oito apresentavam valores de referência próximos dos obtidos nos Europeu Comum, o que sugere uma baixa variabilidade intraespecífica. Em relação ao cálculo do volume e área de superfície do crânio, obtiveram-se os valores de 25910,64 mm3 e 4478,61 mm2, respetivamente.
The morphometrics studies of anatomical structures by quantitative methods allow the detection and evaluation of intra and inter-specific alterations. The anatomical dimensions and proportions of osseous head and the cranium of domestic cat, due to their complexity, aren’t fully characterized yet. This study aimed to conduct a morphometric analysis of the osseous head and cranium in the domestic cat out CT images. This analysis included 37 domestic cats of the common european breed and nine other cats of different breeds. Those animals have been submitted to this imaging examination during the period between March 2014 and November 2015 at the Hospital Veterinário do Restelo (Lisbon). The evaluated linear measurements were the length of the osseous head (CCO), head length (CCn), nasal length (CN), cranial width (LCn), cranial index (ICn), internal height of cranium (ACi); external height of cranium (ACe), internal length of the cranium (CCi), external length of the cranium (CCe), internal cranium index (ICi), external cranium index (ICe), internal cranium and skull index (ICCi) external cranium and skull index (ICCe), width of the foramen magnum (LFM), height of the foramen magnum (AFM) and index of the foramen magnum (IFM). In addition, the effects of gender on these parameters were evaluated. It was also conducted, the calculation of the cranial cavity volume, through a computer calculation methodology. The results allowed to determine the following reference values for osseous head and cranium of the common european breed: CCO = 8,94 cm, CCn = 8,21 cm, CN = 0,73 cm, LCn = 4,28 cm, ICn = 52,18%, ACi = 2,88 cm, ACe = 3,35 cm, CCi = 5,53 cm, CCe = 6,32 cm, ICi = 45,62%, ICe = 53,06%, ICCi = 61,93 %, ICCe = 70,70%, LFM = 1,337 cm, AFM = 1,01 cm and IFM = 75,37%. It was also found that the population studied was homogeneous, with the exception of CN and it was present a sexual dimorphism in which males exhibit higher dimensions. Among the nine cats no common european breed, eight had reference values similar to the values obtained to the common european breed, suggesting a low intraspecific variability. The volume and surface area of cranium were 25910.64 mm3 and 4478.61 mm2, respectively.
The morphometrics studies of anatomical structures by quantitative methods allow the detection and evaluation of intra and inter-specific alterations. The anatomical dimensions and proportions of osseous head and the cranium of domestic cat, due to their complexity, aren’t fully characterized yet. This study aimed to conduct a morphometric analysis of the osseous head and cranium in the domestic cat out CT images. This analysis included 37 domestic cats of the common european breed and nine other cats of different breeds. Those animals have been submitted to this imaging examination during the period between March 2014 and November 2015 at the Hospital Veterinário do Restelo (Lisbon). The evaluated linear measurements were the length of the osseous head (CCO), head length (CCn), nasal length (CN), cranial width (LCn), cranial index (ICn), internal height of cranium (ACi); external height of cranium (ACe), internal length of the cranium (CCi), external length of the cranium (CCe), internal cranium index (ICi), external cranium index (ICe), internal cranium and skull index (ICCi) external cranium and skull index (ICCe), width of the foramen magnum (LFM), height of the foramen magnum (AFM) and index of the foramen magnum (IFM). In addition, the effects of gender on these parameters were evaluated. It was also conducted, the calculation of the cranial cavity volume, through a computer calculation methodology. The results allowed to determine the following reference values for osseous head and cranium of the common european breed: CCO = 8,94 cm, CCn = 8,21 cm, CN = 0,73 cm, LCn = 4,28 cm, ICn = 52,18%, ACi = 2,88 cm, ACe = 3,35 cm, CCi = 5,53 cm, CCe = 6,32 cm, ICi = 45,62%, ICe = 53,06%, ICCi = 61,93 %, ICCe = 70,70%, LFM = 1,337 cm, AFM = 1,01 cm and IFM = 75,37%. It was also found that the population studied was homogeneous, with the exception of CN and it was present a sexual dimorphism in which males exhibit higher dimensions. Among the nine cats no common european breed, eight had reference values similar to the values obtained to the common european breed, suggesting a low intraspecific variability. The volume and surface area of cranium were 25910.64 mm3 and 4478.61 mm2, respectively.
Descrição
Orientação : João Filipe
Requicha ; co-orientação : Hugo Pereira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, GATOS, MORFOMETRIA, CRÂNIO, TOMOGRAFIAS, CATS, MORPHOMETRY, CRANIUM, TOMOGRAPHIES, FELÍDEOS, FELIDS, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE