Avaliação do risco de enterobacterales produtoras de esbls/pampc fecais para o desenvolvimento de infeção do local cirúrgico em animais de companhia submetidos a cirurgia ortopédica limpa
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2024
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A infeção do local cirúrgico (ILC) é uma complicação cirúrgica grave que afeta o sucesso cirúrgico, a saúde e o bem-estar do paciente. As ?-lactamases de largo espectro (ESBLs) e AmpC mediadas por plasmídeo (pAmpC) representam uma ameaça à saúde animal, humana e ambiental sendo consideradas um risco para a saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a presença de Enterobacterales produtoras de ESBLs/pAmpC em amostras fecais de animais de companhia submetidos a cirurgia ortopédica limpa e perceber se representam um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de ILC. Desde fevereiro a junho de 2023, foram recolhidas 64 zaragatoas fecais de animais de companhia (cães e gatos) submetidos a cirurgia ortopédica limpa em três hospitais veterinários da região de Lisboa. As amostras foram inoculadas em Macconkey agar suplementadas com 1,5 µg/mL de cefotaxima e 1,0 µg/mL de meropenem. As espécies de bactérias e genes de resistência foram identificadas através da reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). O teste de suscetibilidade de antimicrobianos foi realizado e interpretado segundo as diretrizes do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Neste estudo 20,3% (13/64) dos animais de companhia encontravam-se colonizados com Enterobacterales produtoras de ESBLs e/ou pAmpC. Cerca de 84,6% (11/13) foram identificados como Escherichia coli. Os isolados de E. coli resistentes a cefalosporinas de terceira geração (C3G) pertenceram predominantemente ao grupo filogenético B1 (54,5%, 6/11) e 18,2% (2/11) foram também resistentes ao grupo dos carbapenemos. As Enterobacterales isoladas além da resistência ao grupo dos ?-lactâmicos apresentaram resistências a outras classes de antibióticos, conferindo um perfil multirresistente (MDR) em 46,1% (6/13) dos casos. Os genes mais prevalentes foram o blaTEM-1 e blaCTX-M-15. Para além do referido foi identificado o gene blaOXA-244tipo em dois isolados de E. coli. Nenhum dos animais que participaram neste estudo evidenciou sinais compatíveis com ILC. Apesar dos resultados negativos, este estudo demonstra a importância dos animais de companhia como reservatórios para a disseminação de estirpes de bactérias resistentes ou multirresistentes para outros animais, humanos ou ambiente, constituindo uma ameaça para a biossegurança e saúde pública. Palavras-chave: Infeção do local cirúrgico, cirurgia ortopédica limpa, ESBLs/pAmpC, biossegurança, animais de companhia.
Surgical site infection (SSI) represents a serious surgery complication that can affect the surgery outcome, patient’s overall health, and well-being. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases(ESBLs) and plasmid mediated AmpC (pAmpC) represent a serious threat to animal, human and environmental health and thus public health. This study aimed to characterize the presence of ESBL/pAmpC producing Enterobacterales in fecal samples of companion animals undergoing clean orthopedics procedures and understand if it represents a risk factor for developing SSI. From February until June 2023, 64 fecal swabs from companion animals (dogs and cats) undergoing surgery were collected from three different Veterinary Hospitals in Lisbon. The samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with 1.5 µg/mL cefotaxime and 1.0 µg/mL meropenem. Bacterial species and the presence of β-lactamase genes were confirmed by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and interpretation were performed using the disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. In this study, 20.3% (13/64) of the companion animals were colonized with ESBL/pAmpC-producing Enterobacterales. About 84.6% (11/13) were identified as Escherichia coli. Moreover, E. coli isolates belonged mainly to the B1 phylogenetic group (54.5%, 6/11). Third generation cephalosporin (C3G) -resistant E. coli were also resistant to carbapenems in 18.2% (2/11). Furthermore, Enterobacterales strains also showed resistance to other classes of antibiotics: overall 46.1% (6/13) of the cases were multidrug resistant (MDR). The genes blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-15 were the most prevalent. Also, the gene blaOXA-244 was isolated in two cases. Neither of the patients in this study showed compatible signs with SSI, however, this study highlights the importance of companion animals as reservoirs and transmission of resistant nor MDR bacterial strands to other animals, humans, and environment, acting as a threat to biosecurity and public health Keywords: Surgical site infection, clean orthopedic surgery, ESBLs/pAmpC, biosecurity, companion animals
Surgical site infection (SSI) represents a serious surgery complication that can affect the surgery outcome, patient’s overall health, and well-being. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases(ESBLs) and plasmid mediated AmpC (pAmpC) represent a serious threat to animal, human and environmental health and thus public health. This study aimed to characterize the presence of ESBL/pAmpC producing Enterobacterales in fecal samples of companion animals undergoing clean orthopedics procedures and understand if it represents a risk factor for developing SSI. From February until June 2023, 64 fecal swabs from companion animals (dogs and cats) undergoing surgery were collected from three different Veterinary Hospitals in Lisbon. The samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with 1.5 µg/mL cefotaxime and 1.0 µg/mL meropenem. Bacterial species and the presence of β-lactamase genes were confirmed by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and interpretation were performed using the disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. In this study, 20.3% (13/64) of the companion animals were colonized with ESBL/pAmpC-producing Enterobacterales. About 84.6% (11/13) were identified as Escherichia coli. Moreover, E. coli isolates belonged mainly to the B1 phylogenetic group (54.5%, 6/11). Third generation cephalosporin (C3G) -resistant E. coli were also resistant to carbapenems in 18.2% (2/11). Furthermore, Enterobacterales strains also showed resistance to other classes of antibiotics: overall 46.1% (6/13) of the cases were multidrug resistant (MDR). The genes blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-15 were the most prevalent. Also, the gene blaOXA-244 was isolated in two cases. Neither of the patients in this study showed compatible signs with SSI, however, this study highlights the importance of companion animals as reservoirs and transmission of resistant nor MDR bacterial strands to other animals, humans, and environment, acting as a threat to biosecurity and public health Keywords: Surgical site infection, clean orthopedic surgery, ESBLs/pAmpC, biosecurity, companion animals
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, VETERINARY SURGERY, VETERINARY ORTHOPEDICS, BIOSECURITY, COMPANION ANIMALS, SURGICAL SITE INFECTION, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, CIRURGIA VETERINÁRIA, BIOSSEGURANÇA, ORTOPEDIA VETERINÁRIA, ANIMAIS DE COMPANHIA, INFEÇÃO DO LOCAL CIRÚRGICO, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária