Benefícios do treino aeróbio de alta intensidade em programas de reabilitação cardíaca em adultos
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2014
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A nível global, a doença cardiovascular é a causa principal de mortalidade. Foi relatada uma estimativa de 17,3 milhões de mortes causadas por doença cardiovascular (OMS, 2011). Uma das formas de prevenção é a reabilitação cardíaca, que consiste num programa supervisionado por profissionais, com o intuito de ajudar os participantes a recuperar de episódios cardíacos, cirurgia coronária e intervenções coronárias percutâneas das quais a angioplastia e “Stenting” (AHA,2011).
Este relatório de estágio é constituído por duas partes que abordam temas diferentes. A primeira parte pertence à revisão Sistemática de literatura (RSL) que aborda os benefíciosdo treino aeróbio de alta intensidade em programas de reabilitação cardíaca em adultos. A segunda parte pertence a intervenção de estágio realizada no Ginásio Clube Português com especial atenção no programa de reabilitação cardíaca.
Na RSL foram analisados vários estudos. Neles os principais resultados verificados na comparação entre cada tipo de treino foram os seguintes: a intervenção com intensidade moderada verificou-se o aumento do C-HDL; com o treino de força máxima, observou-se o aumento da ventilação, dos valores pico de lactato, da força máxima e da taxa de produção de força; no treino aeróbio de alta intensidade ocorreu um aumento do VO2pico, melhoria do pulso de oxigénio em esforço máximo, do volume sistólico pico, do débito cardíaco e do pico da carga de trabalho na passadeira. Os resultados comuns aos três tipos de treino induziram melhorias em: componentes físicas e fisiológicas como o VO2pico, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, potência máxima, esforço máximo, pressão diastólica, entre outros; nas variáveis psicológicas, ansiedade e depressão. Ambas as intensidades (moderada e vigorosa) apresentaram baixo risco de uma nova ocorrência de eventos cardíacos. Não se verificaram alterações significativas da composição corporal em nenhuma daquelas abordagens.O estágio baseou-se na inserção no Ginásio Clube Português(GCP) com especificidade no programa de reabilitação cardíaca, tendo também integradas intervenções na sala de exercício, aulas de grupo, programas especiais e avaliação da aptidão física. O estágio teve uma duração de 8 meses. Foram propostos objectivos para as várias intervenções no início do estágio para concretização no decorrer do período de estágio. No decorrer do estágio foi realizada uma passagem progressiva de observação para autonomia nas várias intervenções com as principais tarefas: supervisão na sala de exercício, avaliação da aptidão física e acompanhamento da sessão de treino na orientação do treino, reajustes do treino e programa de reabilitação cardíaca.
Conclusão: o treino aeróbio de alta intensidade parece ser tão benéfico como o treino aeróbio de intensidade moderada e consegue contribuir com benefícios semelhantes com volume de esforço mais reduzido.
O estágio permitiu-meobter maiores conhecimentos e como intervir na população com patologias cardíacas. Sintoque conseguirei intervir de forma mais adequada, na avaliação da aptidão física, prescrição e acompanhamento do treino na população cardíaca que surgir no local de trabalho.
The cardiovascular disease is the first cause of death in the world. It was estimated that 17,3 million deaths were caused by cardiovascular disease (WHO, 2011). One way to prevent more causes is the cardiac rehabilitation programs.They are supervised programs by qualified professionals with the purpose to help the participants get better from cardiac events, coronary surgery and percutaneous coronary interventions like stenting and angioplasty (AHA,2011). This internship reporthas two different matters divided by two parts. The first one belongs to the systematic review of literature (SRL)with the benefits of the high intensity aerobic training in adults in cardiac rehab. The second part belongs to the internship intervention done at Ginásio Clube Português with a special focus in their cardiac rehabilitation program. There were reviewed a few studies in the SRL. The main results observed in the comparison of each training program were: the increase of the C-HDL in the moderate intensity;the increase of ventilation, lactate peak values and the force production rates in the maximal strength training program; the increase in VO2peak, oxygen pulse in maximum exertion, systolic volume peak, cardiac output and workload peak in the treadmill. In the three types of exercise programs their common results were: in the physical and physiologic components, it was seen increase in the VO2peak, Cardiorespiratory fitness, maximum power, maximum exertion, diastolic pressure; there were also seen benefits in depression and anxiety in the psychological variables. Both intensities showed low risks in occurring new cardiac events.There wasn’t verified any changes in the body composition in any of the exercise programs approaches. The internshipwas done in the Ginásio Clube Português with the main focus on the rehabilitation program. It had other interventions, in the exercise room, group classes, special exercise programs and in the assessment of physical fitness.The internship had a period of 8 months. Objectives for the various interventions were proposed in the beginning of the internship to be done during the stay in the Ginásio Clube Português. During the time in the internship, there were made a gradual transition of observation to autonomy in the various interventions with the main tasks performed: supervision in the exercise room, fitness assessment and monitoring of the training session at the training orientation, readjustments and cardiac rehabilitation program. Conclusion : Aerobic high intensity workout seems to be as beneficial as the aerobic exercise of moderate intensity and can contribute with similar benefits with lower effort volume. The internship allowed me to gain more knowledge and how to intervene in people with cardiac disease. I feel that I can intervene more appropriately in the evaluation of physical fitness, prescription and exercise monitoring in cardiac populations that arise in the workplace.
The cardiovascular disease is the first cause of death in the world. It was estimated that 17,3 million deaths were caused by cardiovascular disease (WHO, 2011). One way to prevent more causes is the cardiac rehabilitation programs.They are supervised programs by qualified professionals with the purpose to help the participants get better from cardiac events, coronary surgery and percutaneous coronary interventions like stenting and angioplasty (AHA,2011). This internship reporthas two different matters divided by two parts. The first one belongs to the systematic review of literature (SRL)with the benefits of the high intensity aerobic training in adults in cardiac rehab. The second part belongs to the internship intervention done at Ginásio Clube Português with a special focus in their cardiac rehabilitation program. There were reviewed a few studies in the SRL. The main results observed in the comparison of each training program were: the increase of the C-HDL in the moderate intensity;the increase of ventilation, lactate peak values and the force production rates in the maximal strength training program; the increase in VO2peak, oxygen pulse in maximum exertion, systolic volume peak, cardiac output and workload peak in the treadmill. In the three types of exercise programs their common results were: in the physical and physiologic components, it was seen increase in the VO2peak, Cardiorespiratory fitness, maximum power, maximum exertion, diastolic pressure; there were also seen benefits in depression and anxiety in the psychological variables. Both intensities showed low risks in occurring new cardiac events.There wasn’t verified any changes in the body composition in any of the exercise programs approaches. The internshipwas done in the Ginásio Clube Português with the main focus on the rehabilitation program. It had other interventions, in the exercise room, group classes, special exercise programs and in the assessment of physical fitness.The internship had a period of 8 months. Objectives for the various interventions were proposed in the beginning of the internship to be done during the stay in the Ginásio Clube Português. During the time in the internship, there were made a gradual transition of observation to autonomy in the various interventions with the main tasks performed: supervision in the exercise room, fitness assessment and monitoring of the training session at the training orientation, readjustments and cardiac rehabilitation program. Conclusion : Aerobic high intensity workout seems to be as beneficial as the aerobic exercise of moderate intensity and can contribute with similar benefits with lower effort volume. The internship allowed me to gain more knowledge and how to intervene in people with cardiac disease. I feel that I can intervene more appropriately in the evaluation of physical fitness, prescription and exercise monitoring in cardiac populations that arise in the workplace.
Descrição
Orientação : Sandra Martins ; co-orientação: Cristina Caetano
Palavras-chave
DESPORTO, TREINO DESPORTIVO, REABILITAÇÃO FÍSICA, DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES, ADULTOS, MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, SPORT, SPORTS COACHING, PHYSICAL REHABILITATION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, ADULTS