Vitimação por stalking e funcionamento psicológico na idade adulta: o papel moderador do suporte social
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2018
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Não obstante a atenção científica que o fenómeno de vitimação por stalking tem
recebido no panorama internacional, este é ainda um tema menos estudado no contexto nacional.
Para além disso, e à semelhança do que acontece com outras tipologias de violência, o
investimento empírico (nacional e internacional) tem privilegiado a análise de dimensões de
impacto para os alvos negligenciando outras dimensões importantes de saúde mental (i.e., bemestar)
e os fatores de proteção, nomeadamente o suporte social. Este estudo pretendeu ultrapassar
as principais lacunas identificadas na literatura sobre experiências de vitimação e que se prende
com o foco tradicional no impacto e sintomas psicopatológicos decorrentes de vivências desta
natureza e, especificamente, visou aferir o papel moderador do suporte social na predição do
funcionamento psicológico, tendo como variável antecedente a experiência de vitimação por
stalking durante o último ano. Assumindo-se uma perspetiva multidimensional de Saúde Mental,
o presente trabalho irá considerar não apenas dimensões negativas do funcionamento, mas
também a dimensão do bem-estar, essencial para uma análise integradora do funcionamento
psicológico individual. A amostra foi constituída por 494 participantes, de ambos os sexos, com
idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 63 anos. Os resultados revelaram efeitos de moderação
significativos do suporte social (outros significativos e amigos) na relação entre a vitimação
sofrida por stalking e dimensões de sintomatologia (ansiosa) e de bem-estar psicológico
(domínio do meio e crescimento pessoal). É necessário um maior investimento ao nível da
investigação relativamente a este tema, tendo mais em conta a necessidade das vítimas em obter
um suporte social mais adequado às suas necessidades de recuperação.
Despite the scientific importance given to the phenomenon of victimization caused by stalking on an international level, this is still a subject not frequently studied in the national context. In addition, and similarly to what happens to other types of violence, empirical investment (national and international) has favored the analysis of impact dimensions for the targets, neglecting other important dimensions of mental health (i.e., well-being) and protection factors, namely social support. This study aimed to overcome the main gaps identified in the literature about victimization experiences and that are related to the traditional focus on the impact and psychopathological symptoms resulting from experiences of this nature and specifically aimed to assess the moderating role of social support in the prediction of psychological functioning, having as antecedent variable the experience of victimization caused by stalking during the last year. Assuming a multidimensional perspective of Mental Health, the present study will consider not only negative dimensions of functioning, but also the dimension of well-being, essential for an integrative analysis of individual psychological functioning. The study consisted of 494 participants, of both genders, aged between 18 and 63 years. The results revealed significant moderation effects of social support (others significant and friends) on the relationship between stalking victimization and dimensions of symptomatology (anxiety) and psychological well-being (domain of the environment and personal growth). There is a need for more research investment in this field, taking into more account the need for victims to obtain social support that is better suited to their recovery needs.
Despite the scientific importance given to the phenomenon of victimization caused by stalking on an international level, this is still a subject not frequently studied in the national context. In addition, and similarly to what happens to other types of violence, empirical investment (national and international) has favored the analysis of impact dimensions for the targets, neglecting other important dimensions of mental health (i.e., well-being) and protection factors, namely social support. This study aimed to overcome the main gaps identified in the literature about victimization experiences and that are related to the traditional focus on the impact and psychopathological symptoms resulting from experiences of this nature and specifically aimed to assess the moderating role of social support in the prediction of psychological functioning, having as antecedent variable the experience of victimization caused by stalking during the last year. Assuming a multidimensional perspective of Mental Health, the present study will consider not only negative dimensions of functioning, but also the dimension of well-being, essential for an integrative analysis of individual psychological functioning. The study consisted of 494 participants, of both genders, aged between 18 and 63 years. The results revealed significant moderation effects of social support (others significant and friends) on the relationship between stalking victimization and dimensions of symptomatology (anxiety) and psychological well-being (domain of the environment and personal growth). There is a need for more research investment in this field, taking into more account the need for victims to obtain social support that is better suited to their recovery needs.
Descrição
Orientação: Célia Ferreira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, VITIMAÇÃO, CRIME DE PERSEGUIÇÃO, ADULTOS, SAÚDE MENTAL, BEM-ESTAR, SUPORTE SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGY, VICTIMISATION, STALKING, ADULTS, MENTAL HEALTH, WELL-BEING, SOCIAL SUPPORT