Violência bidirecional: a prevalência do fenómeno numa amostra da comunidade geral em Portugal
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2022
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A literatura demonstrou que a violência bidirecional é o padrão de violência mais experienciado nas relações de intimidade, e que homens e mulheres podem ser vítimas e perpetradores de violência. Nesta investigação, objetivamos: a) avaliar se a violência bidirecional é mais prevalente do que a violência unidirecional; b) identificar a tipologia de violência mais perpetrada e sofrida; c) explorar se existem diferenças entre os sexos nos tipos de violência perpetrados e sofridos; d) verificar se existem diferenças nas categorias vítima, perpetrador e vítima-perpetrador nos tipos de violência perpetrados e sofridos; e) explorar se a violência bidirecional é tão prevalente entre a comunidade LGBTQIA+ como na heterossexual. A presente investigação assentou num design quantitativo transversal recolhido online, com um total de 754 participantes provenientes de uma amostra de conveniência da comunidade em Portugal. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e à Escala Tática de Conflitos Revista. Os resultados desta investigação revelaram que a violência bidirecional foi o padrão de violência mais experienciado nas relações de intimidade e que a violência psicológica foi a tipologia de violência mais perpetrada e sofrida. Esta investigação verificou que existem diferenças significativas no que concerne aos tipos de violência perpetrados e sofridos na comunidade em Portugal e que a categoria vitima-perpetrador demonstrou taxas superiores de vitimação e perpetração no que diz respeito aos tipos de violência perpetrados e sofridos. Por fim, foi possível apurar que não se verificaram diferenças entre os indivíduos heterossexuais e LGBTQIA+ na prevalência de violência bidirecional. Os resultados deste estudo permitem conferir uma maior visibilidade à violência bidirecional, sensibilizar a comunidade para a existência deste fenómeno e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e intervenção capazes de combater este flagelo. Este estudo demonstrou que a violência nas relações de intimidade não é um fenómeno homogéneo, mas sim complexo.
Palavras-chave: violência nas relações de intimidade, violência bidirecional, prevalência, comunidade geral, Portugal
The literature has shown that bidirectional violence is the most experienced pattern of violence in intimate relationships, and that men and women can be both victims and perpetrators of violence. In this research, we aimed to: a) assess whether bidirectional violence is more prevalent than unidirectional violence; b) identify the typology of violence most perpetrated and suffered; c) explore ifthere are gender differences in the types of violence perpetrated and suffered; d) examine whether there are differences in the categories victim, perpetrator, and victim-perpetrator in the types of violence perpetrated and suffered; e) explore if bidirectional violence is as prevalent among the LGBTQIA+ community as among heterosexual. The present research relied on a cross-sectional quantitative design collected online, with a total of 754 participants from a convenience sample of the community in Portugal. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale. The results of this research revealed that bidirectional violence was the most experienced pattern of violence in intimate relationships in the last year and that psychological violence was the most perpetrated and suffered typology of violence. This research also found that there were significant differences regarding the types of violence perpetrated and suffered in the community in Portugal and that the victim-perpetrator category showed higher rates of victimization and perpetration regarding the types of violence perpetrated and suffered. Finally, it was found that there were no differences between heterosexual and LGBTQIA+ individuals in the prevalence bidirectional violence. The results of this study allow us to give greater visibility to bidirectional violence, raise awareness in the community of the existence of this phenomenon and inform the development of prevention and intervention strategies. This study also showed that violence in intimate relationships is not a homogeneous phenomenon, but a complex one. Keywords: violence in intimate relationships, bidirectional violence, prevalence, general community, Portugal
The literature has shown that bidirectional violence is the most experienced pattern of violence in intimate relationships, and that men and women can be both victims and perpetrators of violence. In this research, we aimed to: a) assess whether bidirectional violence is more prevalent than unidirectional violence; b) identify the typology of violence most perpetrated and suffered; c) explore ifthere are gender differences in the types of violence perpetrated and suffered; d) examine whether there are differences in the categories victim, perpetrator, and victim-perpetrator in the types of violence perpetrated and suffered; e) explore if bidirectional violence is as prevalent among the LGBTQIA+ community as among heterosexual. The present research relied on a cross-sectional quantitative design collected online, with a total of 754 participants from a convenience sample of the community in Portugal. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale. The results of this research revealed that bidirectional violence was the most experienced pattern of violence in intimate relationships in the last year and that psychological violence was the most perpetrated and suffered typology of violence. This research also found that there were significant differences regarding the types of violence perpetrated and suffered in the community in Portugal and that the victim-perpetrator category showed higher rates of victimization and perpetration regarding the types of violence perpetrated and suffered. Finally, it was found that there were no differences between heterosexual and LGBTQIA+ individuals in the prevalence bidirectional violence. The results of this study allow us to give greater visibility to bidirectional violence, raise awareness in the community of the existence of this phenomenon and inform the development of prevention and intervention strategies. This study also showed that violence in intimate relationships is not a homogeneous phenomenon, but a complex one. Keywords: violence in intimate relationships, bidirectional violence, prevalence, general community, Portugal
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Orientação: Andreia Patrícia Guimarães Machado
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, RELAÇÕES DE INTIMIDADE, INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP, VIOLÊNCIA, VIOLENCE