Transfobia: o contributo dos mecanismos defensivos e da intolerância à incerteza cognitiva
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2023
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para a compreensão dos sistemas de crenças subjacentes à transfobia, adoptando como dimensão cognitiva central a intolerância à incerteza cognitiva,e incluindo ainda os mecanismos de defesa, as crenças de binarismo essencialismo e as atitudes de dominância social como processos intervenientes e que podem amplificar o pensamento transfóbico. Método: A amostra inclui 89 pessoas, com idades entre os 18 e 63 anos de idade (M = 29.2; SD = 11.8), das quais 55 (61.8%) se identificam com o género feminino, 30.3% (n = 27) com o masculino, 7.8% como não-binárias (n = 7). Como instrumentos foram utilizados a escala curta de “Need for Closure” (NFC:SV); a versão portuguesa do Response Evaluation Measure-71 (REM-71); a Escala de Genderismo e Transfobia (GTS:SV), o gender theory questionnaire, o beliefs about gender scale e a escala de orientação da dominância social. Resultados: Níveis mais elevados de IIC estão positivamente correlacionados com crenças essencialistas e binaristas e níveis mais elevados de IIC, mecanismos de defesa, binarismo, essencialismo e dominância social estão associados a maior transfobia . Verificou-se ainda que a associação entre a IIC e a transfobia é mediada pelos mecanismos de defesa e pela dominância social. Por sua vez, a associação entre a IIC e o essencialismo e o binarismo é de moderada pela racionalização e clivagem, respetivamente. Por fim, a associação pela IIC e a transfobia é mediada pela clivagem e binarismo. Conclusão: No que concerne futuras intervenções salienta-se a importância de intervenções focadas na exposição das pessoas a ambientes diferentes e a educação precoce destas matérias como forma de reduzir o preconceito.
Palavras-Chave: transfobia, need for closure, mecanismos de defesa, binarismo, essencialismo, dominância social.
The present study aims to contribute to the understanding of the belief systems underlying transphobia, adopting intolerance to cognitive uncertainty as a central cognitive dimension, and including defense mechanisms, binary and essentialist views of gender and attitudes of social dominance as processes that can amplify transphobic thinking. Method: This sample involves 89 people, with ages between 18 and 63 years of age (M = 29.2; SD = 11.8), in which 55 (61.8%) identified as female, 30.3% (n = 27) as male and 7.8% as non-binary (n = 7). As instruments it was used the short scale of “Need for Closure” scale (NFC:SV); The Portuguese version of the Response Evaluation Measure-71 (REM-71); the Genderism and Transphobia Scale (GTS:SV), gender theory questionnaire, beliefs about gender scale and the scale of orientation and social dominance. Results: Higher levels of need for closure are positively related with essentialist and binary views of gender. Higher levels of need for closure, defense mechanisms, binary and essentialist views of gender and social dominance are also associated with higher levels of transphobia. It was also found that the association between need for closure and transphobia is mediated by defense mechanisms and social dominance. In turn, the association between need for closure and essentialism and binarism is moderated by rationalization and splitting, respectively. Finally, the association between need for closure and transphobia is mediated by cleavage and binarism. Conclusion: With regard to future interventions, the importance of interventions focused on exposing people to different environments and early education of these subjects as a way of reducing prejudice is highlighted. Keywords: transphobia, need for closure, defense mechanisms, binarism, essentialism, social dominance.
The present study aims to contribute to the understanding of the belief systems underlying transphobia, adopting intolerance to cognitive uncertainty as a central cognitive dimension, and including defense mechanisms, binary and essentialist views of gender and attitudes of social dominance as processes that can amplify transphobic thinking. Method: This sample involves 89 people, with ages between 18 and 63 years of age (M = 29.2; SD = 11.8), in which 55 (61.8%) identified as female, 30.3% (n = 27) as male and 7.8% as non-binary (n = 7). As instruments it was used the short scale of “Need for Closure” scale (NFC:SV); The Portuguese version of the Response Evaluation Measure-71 (REM-71); the Genderism and Transphobia Scale (GTS:SV), gender theory questionnaire, beliefs about gender scale and the scale of orientation and social dominance. Results: Higher levels of need for closure are positively related with essentialist and binary views of gender. Higher levels of need for closure, defense mechanisms, binary and essentialist views of gender and social dominance are also associated with higher levels of transphobia. It was also found that the association between need for closure and transphobia is mediated by defense mechanisms and social dominance. In turn, the association between need for closure and essentialism and binarism is moderated by rationalization and splitting, respectively. Finally, the association between need for closure and transphobia is mediated by cleavage and binarism. Conclusion: With regard to future interventions, the importance of interventions focused on exposing people to different environments and early education of these subjects as a way of reducing prejudice is highlighted. Keywords: transphobia, need for closure, defense mechanisms, binarism, essentialism, social dominance.
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Orientação: Maria Barreto Ramos de Almeida Cabral
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, TRANSFOBIA, TRANSPHOBIA, MECANISMOS DE DEFESA, DEFENSE MECHANISMS, GÉNERO BINÁRIO, GENDER BINARY, ESSENCIALISMO DE GÉNERO, GENDER ESSENTIALISM, DOMINÂNCIA SOCIAL, SOCIAL DOMINANCE, CRENÇAS, BELIEFS