Autocontrolo, capacidade para amar e psicopatia: estudo comparativo entre população reclusa e não reclusa
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2023
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As relações entre o autocontrolo e a psicopatia têm sido amplamente estudadas em amostras forenses, associadas, muitas vezes, a indicadores de desajustamento psicológico. Existem bastantes menos estudos acerca destas dimensões, quer na população geral, quer associados a dimensões promotoras de um funcionamento mais adaptativo. Assim sendo, o presente estudo teve como objetivos principais: a) Explorar as associações entre o autocontrolo, as dimensões da psicopatia e capacidade para amar).; b) Analisar os níveis de autocontrolo, de psicopatia e a capacidade para amar, comparando-os entre a população reclusa e não reclusa, em função do género. Participaram neste estudo 255 indivíduos, 153 (68%) em reclusão e 102 (32%) em não reclusão, sendo que, nos que vivem em reclusão 71 (46.4%) eram do género feminino e 82 (53.6) são do género masculino, enquanto que nos que vivem na comunidade, 74 (72.5%) eram do género feminino e 28 (27.5%) do género masculino. De modo geral, os resultados indicaram que quanto maior for a capacidade para amar, maiores tenderão a ser os níveis de autocontrolo e menores os de psicopatia. Valores mais baixos de autocontrolo mostraram-se ainda associados a níveis mais elevados de psicopatia em todas as suas dimensões.
Em relação à psicopatia, o género não influencia significativamente os níveis de psicopatia, tendo-se, no entanto, encontrado diferenças significativas entre reclusos e não reclusos, independentemente do género dos mesmos.
No que se refere à capacidade para amar e ao autocontrolo, não se encontram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. A investigação decorrente deste estudo é relevante para a contribuição do conhecimento científico sobre as variáveis apresentadas, tanto na população reclusa como na não reclusa, sendo que se espera que os resultados inerentes ao mesmo possam contribuir para futuros estudos neste âmbito.
Palavras-chave: Autocontrolo, Psicopatia, Capacidade para Amar, População Reclusa, População não-reclusa.
The relationships between self-control and psychopathy have been widely studied in forensic samples, often associated with indicators of psychological dysfunction. However, there are considerably fewer studies on these dimensions, either in the general population or associated with dimensions promoting more adaptive functioning. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were: a) To explore the associations between self-control, psychopathy dimensions, and capacity to love; b) To analyze the levels of self-control, psychopathy, and capacity for love, comparing them between the inmate and non-inmate population, according to gender. A total of 255 individuals participated in this study, 153 (68%) in prison and 102 (32%) in non-prison, 71 (46.4%) of whom were female, and 82 (53.6%) were male, while those living in the community, 74 (72.5%) were female and 28 (27.5%) were male. In general, the results indicated that the higher the capacity to love, the higher the levels of self-control and the lower the levels of psychopathy. Lower values of self-control were also associated with higher levels of psychopathy in all its dimensions. Regarding psychopathy, gender did not significantly influence the levels of psychopathy, but significant differences were found between inmates and non-inmates, regardless of their gender. No statistically significant differences were found in the capacity to love and self-control. The research resulting from this study is relevant for the contribution of scientific knowledge on the variables presented, both in the inmate and the non-inmate population. Its results are expected to contribute to future studies in this area. Keywords: Self-control, Psychopathy, Capacity to Love, Inmate Population, Non-prisoner Population.
The relationships between self-control and psychopathy have been widely studied in forensic samples, often associated with indicators of psychological dysfunction. However, there are considerably fewer studies on these dimensions, either in the general population or associated with dimensions promoting more adaptive functioning. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were: a) To explore the associations between self-control, psychopathy dimensions, and capacity to love; b) To analyze the levels of self-control, psychopathy, and capacity for love, comparing them between the inmate and non-inmate population, according to gender. A total of 255 individuals participated in this study, 153 (68%) in prison and 102 (32%) in non-prison, 71 (46.4%) of whom were female, and 82 (53.6%) were male, while those living in the community, 74 (72.5%) were female and 28 (27.5%) were male. In general, the results indicated that the higher the capacity to love, the higher the levels of self-control and the lower the levels of psychopathy. Lower values of self-control were also associated with higher levels of psychopathy in all its dimensions. Regarding psychopathy, gender did not significantly influence the levels of psychopathy, but significant differences were found between inmates and non-inmates, regardless of their gender. No statistically significant differences were found in the capacity to love and self-control. The research resulting from this study is relevant for the contribution of scientific knowledge on the variables presented, both in the inmate and the non-inmate population. Its results are expected to contribute to future studies in this area. Keywords: Self-control, Psychopathy, Capacity to Love, Inmate Population, Non-prisoner Population.
Descrição
Orientação: Maria José Pereira Ferreira; co-orientação: Cláudia Noémia Soares de Sousa
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, AUTOCONTROLO, SELF-CONTROL, PSICOPATIAS, PSYCHOPATHIES, RECLUSOS, INMATES, DESAJUSTAMENTO EMOCIONAL, EMOTIONAL MALADJUSTMENT