Trajetórias de vida e reclusão : estudo qualitativo com homicidas
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2020
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Enquadramento: Há um vasto leque de estudos sobre o homicídio que, na sua maioria, são de natureza quantitativa (e.g., taxas de prevalência, reincidência, perfis do homicida, tipologias de homicídio). Vários autores indicam a importância de desenvolver investigações de natureza qualitativa com os próprios ofensores, no sentido de compreender o homicida, sendo este uma fonte de informação importante sobre o crime.
Objetivos: Pretende-se analisar as histórias de vida de homicidas, procurando explorar as suas trajetórias e experiências. Procura-se ainda comparar as histórias de vida de homens e mulheres homicidas.
Método: Este estudo inclui 12 participantes condenados por homicídio e a cumprir pena efetiva de prisão em Estabelecimento Prisional (EP), selecionados de acordo com critérios de inclusão. A recolha de dados ocorreu em duas fases: na primeira fase administrou-se o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Criminal (para recolha de dados sociodemográficos, jurídico-penais e prisionais) e o Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) (para identificar os participantes sem indicadores de psicopatologia). Na segunda fase administrou-se a Entrevista de História de Vida de McAdams, para recolher informação aprofundada sobre as trajetórias de vida e experiências dos homicidas. Utilizou-se a análise narrativa como metodologia de análise dos dados das entrevistas.
Resultados: Identificaram-se cinco temas centrais nas histórias dos homicidas – família, vitimização, crime, reclusão e dependências. A forma como organizam as experiências em torno destes temas permite-lhes manter uma identidade positiva. Identificou-se uma narrativa central transversal a todos os homicidas – narrativa sofredora – mas identificam-se diferenças relevantes entre homens e mulheres homicidas.
Conclusão: Apesar da narrativa sofredora comum, as mulheres revelam uma narrativa de vitimização, enquanto os homens veiculam uma narrativa de frustração/fracasso. Estas diferenças são discutidas em termos das suas implicações na intervenção.
Background: There is a wide range of studies on homicide that are mostly quantitative (e.g., prevalence rates, recidivism, homicide profiles, homicide typologies). Several authors indicate the importance of conducting qualitative investigations with the offenders themselves, in order to understand the murderer, an important source of information about the crime. Objectives: It is intended to analyze the life stories of homicides, seeking to explore their trajectories and experiences. It also seeks to compare the life stories of homicidal men and women. Method: This study includes 12 participants convicted of homicide and serving an effective prison sentence in a prison, selected according to inclusion criteria. Data collection took place in two phases: in the first phase, the Sociodemographic and Criminal Questionnaire (for collecting socio-demographic, legal, criminal and prison data) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (to identify participants without psychopathology indicators). In the second phase, the McAdams Life Story Interview was administered to collect in-depth information on the life trajectories and experiences of the murderers. Narrative analysis was used as a methodology for analyzing the interview data. Results: Five central themes were identified in the stories of the murderers – family, victimization, crime, confinement and dependencies. The way they organize their experiences around these themes allows them to maintain a positive identity. A central narrative across all homicides was identified – a suffering narrative – but relevant differences were identified between homicidal men and women. Conclusion: Despite the common suffering narrative, women reveal a narrative of victimization, while men convey a narrative of frustration/failure. These differences are discussed in terms of their implications for the intervention.
Background: There is a wide range of studies on homicide that are mostly quantitative (e.g., prevalence rates, recidivism, homicide profiles, homicide typologies). Several authors indicate the importance of conducting qualitative investigations with the offenders themselves, in order to understand the murderer, an important source of information about the crime. Objectives: It is intended to analyze the life stories of homicides, seeking to explore their trajectories and experiences. It also seeks to compare the life stories of homicidal men and women. Method: This study includes 12 participants convicted of homicide and serving an effective prison sentence in a prison, selected according to inclusion criteria. Data collection took place in two phases: in the first phase, the Sociodemographic and Criminal Questionnaire (for collecting socio-demographic, legal, criminal and prison data) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (to identify participants without psychopathology indicators). In the second phase, the McAdams Life Story Interview was administered to collect in-depth information on the life trajectories and experiences of the murderers. Narrative analysis was used as a methodology for analyzing the interview data. Results: Five central themes were identified in the stories of the murderers – family, victimization, crime, confinement and dependencies. The way they organize their experiences around these themes allows them to maintain a positive identity. A central narrative across all homicides was identified – a suffering narrative – but relevant differences were identified between homicidal men and women. Conclusion: Despite the common suffering narrative, women reveal a narrative of victimization, while men convey a narrative of frustration/failure. These differences are discussed in terms of their implications for the intervention.
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Orientação: Ana Rita Conde Dias
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, HOMICIDAS, HISTÓRIAS DE VIDA, NARRATIVA, IDENTIDADE, ANÁLISE NARRATIVA, PSYCHOLOGY, MURDERERS, LIFE STORIES, NARRATIVE, IDENTITY, NARRATIVE ANALYSIS