Homofobia nas Redes Sociais – Uma Análise de Discurso Homofóbico no Facebook
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2022
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interação e a socialização conhecidas num dito mundo offline transferiram-se, há muito, para uma nova realidade online, caracterizada por ser, sobretudo, invisível e complexa, e por originar novas maneiras de estar e ser. A esta nova realidade, muitos dos problemas que já existiam no seio das sociedades perduraram e até intensificaram-se, por se passar a estar num espaço onde a liberdade se sobrepõe a outros valores e crenças e o indivíduo deixar de ser ele próprio, para uma representação sua (Castells, 2009).
Com a eclosão das ferramentas digitais e online da WEB 2.0, sobretudo dos sites de redes sociais, onde a partilha e a constante interação prevalecem e há a possibilidade de, em representação ou em anonimato se partilhar, reagir e comentar livremente qualquer tipo de tema, causa ou problema conhecido social e culturalmente, nasceram novas formas de apoio e, simultaneamente de ódio, para com o que na esfera pública existe. Um dos casos é o da liberalização da homossexualidade e dos movimentos da Comunidade LGBTI+, em luta por direitos, igualdades e garantias para indivíduos com identidade, comportamentos e orientações sexuais distintas, que no espaço da rede ganham novas dimensões e interpretações (Borillo, 2015).
A seguinte investigação teve como objetivo estudar, analisar e entender de que modo a rede social Facebook, enquanto um dos principais canais de comunicação e interação online (Carrera, 2018), facilita ou não a disseminação e construção de discursos homofóbicos e de ódio perante a Comunidade LGBTI+, mediante matérias noticiosas partilhadas pelo jornal Público na rede social e relacionadas direta ou indiretamente com a homossexualidade, homofobia e a comunidade LGBTI+.
Através de uma revisão bibliográfica, sustentada teoricamente por diversos autores, e da realização de um estudo empírico, por via de uma pesquisa qualitativa com recurso à análise de conteúdo, concluiu-se que o Facebook é uma rede que permite a representação da comunidade, mas demove valores defendidos pela mesma, seja pelo seu desenho, como pelos mecanismos de interação; e os comentários realizados a este tipo de matéria tendem a ser de direção e intensidade negativas, traduzindo-se em posições de ódio e discriminação.
The interaction and socialization known in a so-called offline world have been moved to a new online reality, characterized by being, above all, invisible and complex, and by giving new ways of being. However, to this new reality many of the problems that already existed within societies have persisted and even intensified, for being in a space where freedom overrides other values and beliefs and the individual is no longer himself, but a representation of him. (Castells, 2009). With the advent of WEB 2.0 digital and online tools, especially social networking sites, where sharing and constant interaction predominate and where it is possible to share, react, and comment freely on any kind of theme, cause, or problem known socially and culturally, new forms of support and, at the same time, hatred, for what exists in the public sphere, have been born. One of the cases is the liberalization of homosexuality and the movements of the LGBTI+ community, fighting for rights, equality and guarantees for individuals with distinct sexual identities, behaviours and orientations, which in the network space gain new dimensions and interpretations (Borillo, 2015). The following research aims, therefore, to study, analyse and understand how the social network Facebook, as one of the main channels of online communication and interaction (Carrera, 2018), facilitates the dissemination and construction of homophobic and hate discourses towards LGBTI+ community, through news shared by Público newspaper on the social network and related to homosexuality, homophobia and the LGBTI+ community. Through a literature review, theoretically supported by several authors, and an empirical study, through qualitative research using content analysis, it was concluded that Facebook is a network that allows the representation of the community, but demotes values defended by it, either by its design or by the interaction mechanisms; and the comments made to this type of matter tend to be of negative direction and intensity, translating into hate and discrimination positions.
The interaction and socialization known in a so-called offline world have been moved to a new online reality, characterized by being, above all, invisible and complex, and by giving new ways of being. However, to this new reality many of the problems that already existed within societies have persisted and even intensified, for being in a space where freedom overrides other values and beliefs and the individual is no longer himself, but a representation of him. (Castells, 2009). With the advent of WEB 2.0 digital and online tools, especially social networking sites, where sharing and constant interaction predominate and where it is possible to share, react, and comment freely on any kind of theme, cause, or problem known socially and culturally, new forms of support and, at the same time, hatred, for what exists in the public sphere, have been born. One of the cases is the liberalization of homosexuality and the movements of the LGBTI+ community, fighting for rights, equality and guarantees for individuals with distinct sexual identities, behaviours and orientations, which in the network space gain new dimensions and interpretations (Borillo, 2015). The following research aims, therefore, to study, analyse and understand how the social network Facebook, as one of the main channels of online communication and interaction (Carrera, 2018), facilitates the dissemination and construction of homophobic and hate discourses towards LGBTI+ community, through news shared by Público newspaper on the social network and related to homosexuality, homophobia and the LGBTI+ community. Through a literature review, theoretically supported by several authors, and an empirical study, through qualitative research using content analysis, it was concluded that Facebook is a network that allows the representation of the community, but demotes values defended by it, either by its design or by the interaction mechanisms; and the comments made to this type of matter tend to be of negative direction and intensity, translating into hate and discrimination positions.
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Orientação: Manuel Bogalheiro
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MESTRADO EM COMUNICAÇÃO, REDES E TECNOLOGIAS, COMUNICAÇÃO, HOMOFOBIA, REDES SOCIAIS, FACEBOOK, LGBTI+, COMMUNICATION, SOCIAL NETWORKS, HOMOPHOBIA