Comparision of two different analgesic drugs for elective procedures in coatis (Nasua nasua)
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2024
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A elaboração de protocolos anestésicos apropriados é essencial para o bem-estar de animais selvagens durante um determinado procedimento, assim como para a segurança de todos os intervenientes. Existem dados limitados sobre anestesia em quatis. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do butorfanol e da metadona como fármacos analgésicos durante orquiectomia e ovariohisterectomia em quatis. Três machos e quatro fêmeas (Nasua nasua) com idades entre 1 a 3 anos, foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (G1, G2) e pré-medicados por via intramuscular com: 0,5 mg/kg de midazolam, 5 mg/kg de ketamina, 0,3 mg/kg de metadona e alfaxalona ad affectum (G1) ou 0,5 mg/kg de midazolam, 5 mg/kg de ketamina, 0,3 mg/kg de butorfanol e alfaxalona ad affectum (G2). Após a instrumentação, os animais foram induzidos com alfaxalona ad affectum para permitir a intubação endotraqueal. A anestesia foi mantida com 1% de isoflurano em oxigénio. Parâmetros clínicos, incluindo frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial média (PAM), saturação de oxigénio (SpO2) e dióxido de carbono ao final da expiração (EtCO2) foram recolhidos em pontos de tempo específicos (T0: valor basal, T1: colocação pinças cirúrgicas, T2: incisão da pele, T3: túnicas/incisão abdominal, T4: primeiro pedículo/incisão do testículo, T5: segundo pedículo/testículo, T6: sutura subcutânea, T7: sutura da pele). Os tempos perianestésicos também foram registados e incluem: tempo desde a pré-medicação até à perda do reflexo de postura (P1), tempo de indução e intubação (P2), tempo de cirurgia (P3), tempo total de anestesia (P4), tempo de extubação (P5) e tempo de recuperação (P6). Foi realizada uma análise distributiva dos dados através do cálculo da média e desvio padrão. O tempo necessário para a sedação foi menor no Grupo 2 (15,33±1,24 minutos) em comparação ao Grupo 1 (19,75±0,82 minutos). Não foram necessários resgates analgésicos durante a cirurgia. Nas dosagens utilizadas, ambos os fármacos demonstraram eficácia analgésica intraoperatória, o que apoia a sua inclusão nos protocolos anestésicos para procedimentos eletivos em quatis. No entanto, devido ao pequeno tamanho da amostra, os resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela. Palavras-chave: Anestesia, Quatis, Metadona, Butorfanol, Cirurgia
Appropriate anaesthetic protocols are essential for the welfare of wildlife animals during a given procedure and for the safety of all subjects. There is limited data about anaesthesia in coatis. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of butorphanol and methadone as analgesic drugs during orchiectomy and ovariohysterectomy in coatis. Three males and 4 females (Nasua Nasua) aged between 1 and 3 years old, were randomly divided into two groups (G1, G2) and premedicated intramuscularly with: 0.5mg/kg midazolam, 5mg/kg ketamine, 0.3mg/kg methadone and alfaxalone ad affectum (G1) or 0.5mg/kg midazolam, 5mg/kg ketamine, 0.3mg/kg butorphanol and alfaxalone ad affectum (G2). After instrumentation, the animals were induced with alfaxalone ad affectum to allow endotracheal intubation. Anaesthesia was maintained using 1% isoflurane in oxygen. Clinical parameters including heart rate (RR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) were collected at specific timepoints (T0: baseline, T1: surgical clamps, T2: skin incision: T3: tunics/ abdominal incision, T4: 1st pedicule/ testicule incision, T5: 2nd pedicule/ testicule, T6: subcutaneous suture, T7: skin suture). The perianesthetic times were recorded as well and include: time from premedication to loss of standing reflex (P1), time of induction and intubation (P2), surgery time (P3), total time of anesthesia (P4), extubation time (P5) and recovery time (P6). A distributive analysis of the data was performed by calculating the mean and standard deviation. Time required for sedation was shorter in G2 (15,33±1,24min) than G1 (19,75±0,82min). No analgesic rescues were required during surgery. At the used dosage, both drugs showed intra- operative analgesic efficacy, advocating their inclusion in anaesthetic protocols for elective procedures in coatis. Nevertheless, due to the small sample size, results should be interpreted with caution. Keywords: Anesthesia, Coatis, Methadone, Butorphanol, Surgery
Appropriate anaesthetic protocols are essential for the welfare of wildlife animals during a given procedure and for the safety of all subjects. There is limited data about anaesthesia in coatis. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of butorphanol and methadone as analgesic drugs during orchiectomy and ovariohysterectomy in coatis. Three males and 4 females (Nasua Nasua) aged between 1 and 3 years old, were randomly divided into two groups (G1, G2) and premedicated intramuscularly with: 0.5mg/kg midazolam, 5mg/kg ketamine, 0.3mg/kg methadone and alfaxalone ad affectum (G1) or 0.5mg/kg midazolam, 5mg/kg ketamine, 0.3mg/kg butorphanol and alfaxalone ad affectum (G2). After instrumentation, the animals were induced with alfaxalone ad affectum to allow endotracheal intubation. Anaesthesia was maintained using 1% isoflurane in oxygen. Clinical parameters including heart rate (RR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) were collected at specific timepoints (T0: baseline, T1: surgical clamps, T2: skin incision: T3: tunics/ abdominal incision, T4: 1st pedicule/ testicule incision, T5: 2nd pedicule/ testicule, T6: subcutaneous suture, T7: skin suture). The perianesthetic times were recorded as well and include: time from premedication to loss of standing reflex (P1), time of induction and intubation (P2), surgery time (P3), total time of anesthesia (P4), extubation time (P5) and recovery time (P6). A distributive analysis of the data was performed by calculating the mean and standard deviation. Time required for sedation was shorter in G2 (15,33±1,24min) than G1 (19,75±0,82min). No analgesic rescues were required during surgery. At the used dosage, both drugs showed intra- operative analgesic efficacy, advocating their inclusion in anaesthetic protocols for elective procedures in coatis. Nevertheless, due to the small sample size, results should be interpreted with caution. Keywords: Anesthesia, Coatis, Methadone, Butorphanol, Surgery
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, ANAESTHESIA, METHADONE, WILD ANIMALS, CLINICAL PROTOCOLS, SURGERIES, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, ANESTESIA, METADONA, ANIMAIS SELVAGENS, PROTOCOLOS CLÍNICOS, CIRURGIAS, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária