Fatores Comuns e Específicos para a Aliança Terapêutica no Contexto da Diversidade : uma revisão sistemática
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2020
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O investimento na investigação sobre a aliança terapêutica tem crescido. Não obstante no que concerne aos fatores comuns e específicos na intervenção na diversidade, a investigação ainda é escassa e dispersa. Os estudos existentes centram-se apenas em comunidades específicas, existindo uma desproporcionalidade na cobertura de várias fontes de diversidade.
O objetivo desta investigação é identificar fatores comuns e específicos que sejam transversais na intervenção com várias comunidades diversas, incluindo as áreas da sexualidade, identidade étnico-racial e cultural e classe social.
Foram triados artigos de quatros bases de dados científicas e indexadas (PycInfo & Behavioral Science, Pubmed e Web of Science), publicados entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2019, selecionados os estudos que analisavam, quantitativamente e qualitativamente os fatores comuns e específicos na aliança terapêutica no contexto da diversidade. Dos 177 artigos triados inicialmente, seis cumpriram integralmente os critérios de inclusão definidos. A empatia, aceitação, e genuinidade foram identificados como fatores comuns mais relevantes. Como fator específico a atenção recai sobre as dimensões da “competência cultural”. São discutidas as principais implicações para a prática e formação clínicas, destacando-se a necessidade de investir na sistematização de diretrizes e competências-chave orientadoras, capazes de assegurar um setting terapêutico seguro e de aceitação para as diversas identidades sociais e culturais.
The investment in research about the therapeutic alliance has grown. Despite the common and specific factors in the intervention in diversity, research is still scarce and dispersed. Existing studies focus only on specific communities, with disproportionate coverage of various sources of diversity. The objective of this investigation is to identify common and specific factors that are transversal in the intervention with several diverse communities, including the areas of sexuality, ethnic-racial and cultural identity, and social class. Articles from four scientific and indexed databases (PycInfo & Behavioral Science, Pubmed and Web of Science), published between January 2014 and December 2019, were screened, selecting studies that analyzed, quantitatively and qualitatively, the common and specific factors in the alliance therapy in the context of diversity. Of the 177 articles initially screened, six fully met the defined inclusion criteria. Empathy, acceptance and genuineness were identified as the most relevant common factors. As a specific factor the attention falls on the dimensions of cultural competence. The main implications for clinical practice and training are discussed, highlighting the need to invest in the systematization of guidelines and key guiding skills, capable of ensuring a safe and accepting therapeutic setting for different social and cultural identities.
The investment in research about the therapeutic alliance has grown. Despite the common and specific factors in the intervention in diversity, research is still scarce and dispersed. Existing studies focus only on specific communities, with disproportionate coverage of various sources of diversity. The objective of this investigation is to identify common and specific factors that are transversal in the intervention with several diverse communities, including the areas of sexuality, ethnic-racial and cultural identity, and social class. Articles from four scientific and indexed databases (PycInfo & Behavioral Science, Pubmed and Web of Science), published between January 2014 and December 2019, were screened, selecting studies that analyzed, quantitatively and qualitatively, the common and specific factors in the alliance therapy in the context of diversity. Of the 177 articles initially screened, six fully met the defined inclusion criteria. Empathy, acceptance and genuineness were identified as the most relevant common factors. As a specific factor the attention falls on the dimensions of cultural competence. The main implications for clinical practice and training are discussed, highlighting the need to invest in the systematization of guidelines and key guiding skills, capable of ensuring a safe and accepting therapeutic setting for different social and cultural identities.
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Orientação: Joana Maria Barreto Ramos de Almeida Cabral
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA, CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, RELAÇÃO TERAPÊUTICA, THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP