Comportamento pró-social em idade escolar: o contributo da qualidade da relação mãe-criança e pai-criança
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2013
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De acordo com diversos investigadores, a idade escolar é um período marcado por mudanças desenvolvimentais e nos contextos de socialização, tal como o início da interação frequente da criança com os pares, salientando-se a relevância dos comportamentos pró-sociais para o bem-estar e adaptação nestas idades. Aliado a isto pouco tem sido estudado sobre o impacto da qualidade da relação pai-criança no desenvolvimento dos comportamentos pró-sociais, pelo que os estudos têm estado focados nos contributos de características individuais da criança e na qualidade da relação mãe-criança.
Assim sendo, esta investigação teve como objetivo dar o seu contributo para estas áreas que têm sido alvo de pouco estudo mas que cada vez mais são consideradas como possuidoras de uma grande importância. A amostra foi constituída por 74 crianças, com idades compreendidas entre os 7 e 10 anos de idade, bem como os respetivos progenitores. O comportamento pró-social foi avaliado através do Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ; Goodman, 1994 adaptado por Fleitlich, Loureiro, Fonseca, & Gaspar, 2005), enquanto que o temperamento foi avaliado através do Children’s Behavior Questionnaire - short from ou CBQ-SF (Rothbart, 2000, adaptado por Melo, 2005) e a qualidade da relação mãe-criança e pai-criança através da Escala de Perceção do Comportamento de Vinculação da Criança: Versão para Mães (PCV –M) (Dias, Soares, & Freire, 2002). Estes questionários foram preenchidos pela mãe e pelo pai, individualmente. Para avaliar as competências académicas da criança, foram adotados os seguintes instrumentos: Decifrar (Prova de Avaliação da Capacidade de Leitura; Salgueiro, 2009) e Prova de Aritmética da Escala de Wechsler (2003).
Os resultados apontaram para associações significativas entre o temperamento e os comportamentos pró-sociais, de acordo com a perspectiva quer da mãe quer do pai. Adicionalmente, foram observadas associações entre a qualidade da relação mãe-criança e pai-criança e os comportamentos pró-sociais. Através de um modelo de predição, constatou-se que a qualidade da relação, quer com a mãe quer com o pai, eram os únicos preditores individuais dos comportamentos pró-sociais.
According to several researchers, middle childhood is a period marked by developmental changes and contexts of socialization, such as the beginning of the child’s frequent interaction with peers, highlighting the importance of pro-social behavior for the welfare and adapting these ages. Allied to this has been studied about the impact of the quality of the parent-child relationship in the development of pro-social behaviors, so the studies have been focused on the contributions of individual characteristics of the child and the quality of the mother-child relationship. Thus, this research aims to contribute to these areas that have been the subject of little study but which are increasingly regarded as having great importance. The sample consisted of 74 children aged between 7 and 10 years old, and their respective parents. The pro-social behavior was assessed by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1994 adapted by Fleitlich, Loureiro, Fonseca, & Gaspar, 2005), whereas the temperament was assessed using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire - short from or CBQ-SF (Rothbart, 2000, adapted by Melo, 2005) and the quality of the mother-child and father-child through Perception Scale Behavior Attachment to Child: Mothers Version (PCV –M) (Dias, Soares, & Freire, 2002). These questionnaires were completed by the mother and father individually. To assess the academic competence of the child, we adopted the following instruments: Decipher (Test of Capacity Assessment of Reading; Salgueiro, 2009) and Test of Arithmetic Scale Wechsler (2003). The results showed significant associations between temperament and pro-social behaviors, according to the perspective of either the mother or father. Additionally, associations were observed between the quality of the mother-child and father-child and pro-social behavior. Through a prediction model, it was found that the quality of the relationship with either the mother or the father, was the only individual predictors of pro-social behaviors
According to several researchers, middle childhood is a period marked by developmental changes and contexts of socialization, such as the beginning of the child’s frequent interaction with peers, highlighting the importance of pro-social behavior for the welfare and adapting these ages. Allied to this has been studied about the impact of the quality of the parent-child relationship in the development of pro-social behaviors, so the studies have been focused on the contributions of individual characteristics of the child and the quality of the mother-child relationship. Thus, this research aims to contribute to these areas that have been the subject of little study but which are increasingly regarded as having great importance. The sample consisted of 74 children aged between 7 and 10 years old, and their respective parents. The pro-social behavior was assessed by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1994 adapted by Fleitlich, Loureiro, Fonseca, & Gaspar, 2005), whereas the temperament was assessed using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire - short from or CBQ-SF (Rothbart, 2000, adapted by Melo, 2005) and the quality of the mother-child and father-child through Perception Scale Behavior Attachment to Child: Mothers Version (PCV –M) (Dias, Soares, & Freire, 2002). These questionnaires were completed by the mother and father individually. To assess the academic competence of the child, we adopted the following instruments: Decipher (Test of Capacity Assessment of Reading; Salgueiro, 2009) and Test of Arithmetic Scale Wechsler (2003). The results showed significant associations between temperament and pro-social behaviors, according to the perspective of either the mother or father. Additionally, associations were observed between the quality of the mother-child and father-child and pro-social behavior. Through a prediction model, it was found that the quality of the relationship with either the mother or the father, was the only individual predictors of pro-social behaviors
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Orientação: Joana Baptista
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA, VINCULAÇÃO, RELAÇÃO MÃE-FILHO, COMPETÊNCIAS SOCIAIS, CRIANÇAS, PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, ATTACHMENT, MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP, SOCIAL SKILLS, SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, CHILDREN, COMPORTAMENTO SOCIAL, COMPETÊNCIAS ACADÉMICAS, ACADEMIC SKILLS, IDADE ESCOLAR, SCHOOL-AGE, RELAÇÃO PAI-FILHO, FATHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP