Eficácia e efetividade de programas de competências parentais durante a gravidez : revisão sistemática
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2019
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A transição para a parentalidade é uma transição crítica, sendo comum os pais procurarem desenvolver as suas competências parentais mesmo antes da chegada do bebé. Sabe-se que quanto maior for o nível de conhecimentos e de habilidades de ambos os pais, maior é a probabilidade de estes estarem mais sensíveis às necessidades da criança e de construírem um ambiente adequado ao desenvolvimento saudável da mesma. Desta forma, a presente revisão sistemática pretendeu descrever os objetivos, componentes e estrutura dos programas de competências parentais durante a gravidez, rever sistematicamente a eficácia e/ou efetividade das intervenções destes mesmos programas e rever sistematicamente potenciais moderadores da eficácia e/ou efetividade desses programas. Para o efeito, procedeu-se a um levantamento sistemático da literatura científica entre fevereiro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2019, na base de dados Web of Science, originando 798 artigos. Dos 798 artigos analisados, seis cumpriram os critérios e foram integrados nesta revisão, sendo que quatro desses programas demonstraram eficácia e/ou efetividade na promoção de competências parentais. De uma forma geral, os estudos que avaliaram o conhecimento parental demonstraram um aumento superior no grupo experimental relativamente ao grupo de controlo no pós-programa. Relativamente à autoeficácia parental, dois estudos apontam para resultados que parecem demonstrar que o fator tempo é essencial para uma melhoria da autoeficácia parental. Desta forma, conclui-se que a participação em programas de promoção de competências parentais durante o pré e o pós-parto pode contribuir para o aumento de conhecimentos, competências e autoeficácia dos pais.
The transition to parenting is a critical transition, and parents often seek to develop their parenting skills even before their baby arrives. It is known that the higher the level of knowledge and skills of both parents, the more likely they are to be more sensitive to their child's needs and to build an environment that is adequate for their healthy development. Thus, this systematic review aimed to describe the objectives, components and structure of parental competence programs during pregnancy, systematically review the effectiveness and / or effectiveness of interventions in these programs and systematically review potential moderators of the effectiveness and / or effectiveness of these programs. For this, we carried out a systematic survey of the scientific literature between February 2008 and February 2019, in the Web of Science database, originating 798 articles. Of the 798 articles analyzed 6 met the criteria and were included in this review, and four of these programs demonstrated efficacy and / or effectiveness in promoting parenting skills. Overall, studies evaluating parental knowledge showed a higher increase in the experimental group compared to the post-program control group. Regarding parental self-efficacy, two studies point to results that seem to demonstrate that the time factor is essential for improving parental self-efficacy. Thus, it can be concluded that participation in programs for the promotion of parental skills during pre and postpartum can contribute to increase parents' knowledge, skills and self-efficacy.
The transition to parenting is a critical transition, and parents often seek to develop their parenting skills even before their baby arrives. It is known that the higher the level of knowledge and skills of both parents, the more likely they are to be more sensitive to their child's needs and to build an environment that is adequate for their healthy development. Thus, this systematic review aimed to describe the objectives, components and structure of parental competence programs during pregnancy, systematically review the effectiveness and / or effectiveness of interventions in these programs and systematically review potential moderators of the effectiveness and / or effectiveness of these programs. For this, we carried out a systematic survey of the scientific literature between February 2008 and February 2019, in the Web of Science database, originating 798 articles. Of the 798 articles analyzed 6 met the criteria and were included in this review, and four of these programs demonstrated efficacy and / or effectiveness in promoting parenting skills. Overall, studies evaluating parental knowledge showed a higher increase in the experimental group compared to the post-program control group. Regarding parental self-efficacy, two studies point to results that seem to demonstrate that the time factor is essential for improving parental self-efficacy. Thus, it can be concluded that participation in programs for the promotion of parental skills during pre and postpartum can contribute to increase parents' knowledge, skills and self-efficacy.
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Orientação: Diogo Jorge Pereira do Vale Lamela da Silva
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, PSICOLOGIA DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA, GRAVIDEZ, COMPETÊNCIAS PARENTAIS, EFICÁCIA, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, PREGNANCY, PARENTING SKILLS, EFFICACY