Estudo da gasterofilose em equinos abatidos em matadouro da área metropolitana de Lisboa
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2017
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Resumo
A produtividade dos equinos, independentemente da finalidade a que se destinam
pode ser afetada pelos parasitas gastrointestinais.
A gasterofilose é uma das parasitoses mais frequentes em equinos, tendo como
agente etiológico larvas de dípteros do género Gasterophilus que se localizam no aparelho
digestivo. Trata-se de uma doença de ocorrência cosmopolita, com alta prevalência em
equinos de áreas temperadas, em regime de estabulação ou em pastagens.
A espécie com maior distribuição mundial é Gasterophilus intestinalis. Em Portugal,
para além desta espécie, considerada a mais prevalente, encontram-se descritas mais cinco
espécies: G. haemorrhoidalis, G. inermis, G. nasalis, G. nigricornis e G. pecorum.
Neste estudo foram analisados o aparelho digestivo de 95 equinos abatidos num
Matadouro da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, onde foram quantificadas e classificadas 19360
larvas presentes assim como correlacionar estas informações com as obtidas em estudos
anteriores com o objetivo de estudar a prevalência da parasitose, quais as espécies mais
frequentes e relacionar os dados obtidos à cronobiologia do parasita.
Constatou-se que 80% dos animais (76/95) deste estudo estavam parasitados, tendo
sido observadas larvas de segundo e terceiro estádio no aparelho digestivo. Foram
quantificadas e identificadas larvas de terceiro estádio (L3) de quatro espécies: 85,1% de G.
intestinalis (16474), 9,0% de G. nasalis (1743), 0,1% de G. nigricornis (18) e apenas uma
larva de G. inermis.
Em relação à cronobiologia do parasita, verificou-se uma maior presença de larvas
L3 no aparelho digestivo dos equinos entre os meses de fevereiro e maio.
Concluindo, existe um risco elevado de infeção por Gasterophilus spp. em áreas de
clima temperado mediterrâneo como Portugal logo, é importante a adoção de medidas de
controlo com base nos estudos da fenologia das diversas espécies com o objetivo de controlar
o parasita.
Equine productivity, regardless of their intended purpose may be affected by gastrointestinal parasites. Gasterophilosis is one of the most frequent parasitic diseases in horses caused by larvae of Gasterophilus flies that are found in the digestive tract of domestic and wild horses. It has been diagnosed in all regions of the world, with a very high prevalence in horses located in temperated areas, possibly in those who remain long in the pasture. The most common species in the world is Gasterophilus intestinalis and in Portugal, besides being the most prevalent species, are described five more species: G. haemorrhoidalis, G. inermis, G. nasalis, G. nigricornis and G. pecorum. In this study, 95 horses slaughtered in a slaughterhouse of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area were analyzed, and it was possible to quantify and classify the present larvae as well as to correlate this information with those obtained in previous studies with the objective of studying the prevalence of the parasite, which species are most frequent and relate to the chronobiology of the parasite. It was found that 80% of animals (76/95) in this study were parasitized, having been found in the digestive tract larvae of second and third stage. It was identified and quantified larvae of third stage of four species: 85,1% de G. intestinalis (16474/19360), 9,0% de G. nasalis (1743/19360), 0,1% de G. nigricornis (18/19360) and only one larva of G. inermis. In relation to the chronobiology of the parasite, there was a greater presence L3 larvae between the months of february and may. Concluding, there is a high risk of infection by Gasterophilus spp. in areas of mediterranean temperate climate like Portugal, so it is important to adopt control measures based on phenology studies of the various species in order to control the parasite.
Equine productivity, regardless of their intended purpose may be affected by gastrointestinal parasites. Gasterophilosis is one of the most frequent parasitic diseases in horses caused by larvae of Gasterophilus flies that are found in the digestive tract of domestic and wild horses. It has been diagnosed in all regions of the world, with a very high prevalence in horses located in temperated areas, possibly in those who remain long in the pasture. The most common species in the world is Gasterophilus intestinalis and in Portugal, besides being the most prevalent species, are described five more species: G. haemorrhoidalis, G. inermis, G. nasalis, G. nigricornis and G. pecorum. In this study, 95 horses slaughtered in a slaughterhouse of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area were analyzed, and it was possible to quantify and classify the present larvae as well as to correlate this information with those obtained in previous studies with the objective of studying the prevalence of the parasite, which species are most frequent and relate to the chronobiology of the parasite. It was found that 80% of animals (76/95) in this study were parasitized, having been found in the digestive tract larvae of second and third stage. It was identified and quantified larvae of third stage of four species: 85,1% de G. intestinalis (16474/19360), 9,0% de G. nasalis (1743/19360), 0,1% de G. nigricornis (18/19360) and only one larva of G. inermis. In relation to the chronobiology of the parasite, there was a greater presence L3 larvae between the months of february and may. Concluding, there is a high risk of infection by Gasterophilus spp. in areas of mediterranean temperate climate like Portugal, so it is important to adopt control measures based on phenology studies of the various species in order to control the parasite.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Maria Duque de Araújo Munhoz
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, EQUÍDEOS, DOENÇAS PARASITÁRIAS, SISTEMA DIGESTIVO, PORTUGAL, VETERINARY MEDICINE, EQUIDS, PARASITIC DISEASES, DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, GASTEROFILOSE, GASTEROPHILOSIS, PORTUGAL