Replacement of soybean meal and soybean oil in pig diets with full-fat Hermetia Illucens larva meal : a metabolic essay
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2021
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O crescimento da população mundial acompanhado por um aumento do consumo de produtos de origem animal vai adicionar pressão ao ambiente e aos recursos naturais. A produção de alimentos para animais é muito exigente em recursos e é responsável por uma grande parte do impacto ambiental da produção pecuária. Na procura por fontes nutricionais alternativas mais sustentáveis, os insetos destacam-se pela sua capacidade de bioconversão de subprodutos e resíduos alimentares em biomassa animal rica em proteína e gordura, com potencial para aplicação na alimentação animal.
Foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da substituição parcial e total da farinha de soja e óleo de soja por farinha de larvas de mosca soldado negro, não desengordurada, nas características metabólicas e produtivas de suínos. As dietas experimentais (SBM-controlo, BSF50- 50% de substituição; BSF100- 100% de substituição) foram formuladas para serem isoenergéticas e isoprotéicas (15% CP). Estas dietas foram avaliadas em ensaios metabólicos com suínos de raça cruzada Pietrain × (Duroc × Large White × Landrace) em fase de engorda/acabamento. Seguindo um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, doze machos não castrados, com peso vivo médio de 65,52 ± 2,2 kg, foram alojados individualmente em caixas metabólicas para controlo diário do consumo de alimento e da excreção de fezes e de urinas, por períodos de 7 dias, em semanas alternadas durante todo o período de acabamento, após adaptação às dietas experimentais. O ensaio durou 35 dias. A inclusão da farinha de larvas nas dietas foi de 9% e 18%, respetivamente, para as dietas BSF50 e BSF100. Semanalmente os animais eram pesados (BW) e os ganhos médios diários (ADG) e índices de conversão (FCR) calculados. Os alimentos e as excretas foram analisados quimicamente para cálculo da digestibilidade aparente (ATTD) da Matéria Seca (DM), Azoto (N) Energia (GE), Cálcio (Ca) e Fósforo (P) e dos balanço de N e de E.
O ganho de peso vivo (BWG) e o ganho médio diário (ADG) foram afetados pela dieta. Nenhum efeito significativo da dieta foi observado para a taxa de conversão alimentar (FCR) e o consumo médio diário de ração (ADFI). Não houve diferenças significativas entre a digestibilidade aparente (ATTD) das dietas experimentais, exceto para a ATTD da matéria seca e da energia bruta.
Dos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que que a substituição da soja por farinha de inseto em dietas de suíno poderá ser uma oportunidade, embora haja necessidade de ensaios produtivos complementares ao estudo realizado.
Palavras-chave: suínos engorda/acabamento; farinha de larva Hermetia IIlucens, substituição da farinha de soja, digestibilidade aparente, performance de crescimento
The projected increases in the global population with an increasing consumption of animal products are expected to add pressure on the environment and natural resources. The production of feed is resource demanding and responsible for a large part of the environmental impact of livestock production. In the search for more sustainable and alternative nutritional sources, insects stand out for their ability of converting by-products and food residues into animal biomass rich in protein and fat, with potential for application in feed. An experiment was conducted with Pietrain × (Duroc × Large White × Landrace) crossbred pigs aiming to evaluate the effect of the partial and total replacement of soybean meal and soybean oil by full-fat black soldier fly larva meal on the metabolic characteristics and growth performance. Experimental diets (SBM- control, BSF50- 50% replacement; BSF100- 100% replacement) were formulated to be isoenergetic and isoproteic (15% CP). Metabolic trials were performed to study the experimental diets with finishing pigs. Following a randomized block experimental design twelve non castrated males, with average live body weight of 65,52 ± 2,2 kg, were individually allocated in metabolism cages for the control of feed intake and separated sampling of feces and urine, for 7 days periods, in alternate weeks all over the finishing period, after adaptation to the experimental diets. The trial lasted for 35 days. The inclusion of larva meal in diets was 9% and 18% respectively for diets BSF50 and BSF100. Live body weights (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were estimated weekly. Feed and water intake and excreta were measured daily. Diets and excreta were chemically analyzed and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Dry Matter (DM), Nitrogen (N) Energy (E), Calcium (C) and Phosphorus (P) and balance of N, E were calculated. Body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) were affected by diet. The BSF100 dietary treatment decreased the BWG and ADG. No significant effects of diet were observed for feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). There were no significant differences between the apparent digestibility (ATTD) of the experimental diets, except for the dry matter and crude energy ATTD. The obtained results showed that a complete substitution of soybean meal for BSF meal can be done without impacting nutrient digestibility. However, further investigations on productive performance parameters should be performed. Keywords: Growing-finishing pigs, Hermetia Illucens larva meal, Soybean substitution, Apparent digestibility, Growth performance
The projected increases in the global population with an increasing consumption of animal products are expected to add pressure on the environment and natural resources. The production of feed is resource demanding and responsible for a large part of the environmental impact of livestock production. In the search for more sustainable and alternative nutritional sources, insects stand out for their ability of converting by-products and food residues into animal biomass rich in protein and fat, with potential for application in feed. An experiment was conducted with Pietrain × (Duroc × Large White × Landrace) crossbred pigs aiming to evaluate the effect of the partial and total replacement of soybean meal and soybean oil by full-fat black soldier fly larva meal on the metabolic characteristics and growth performance. Experimental diets (SBM- control, BSF50- 50% replacement; BSF100- 100% replacement) were formulated to be isoenergetic and isoproteic (15% CP). Metabolic trials were performed to study the experimental diets with finishing pigs. Following a randomized block experimental design twelve non castrated males, with average live body weight of 65,52 ± 2,2 kg, were individually allocated in metabolism cages for the control of feed intake and separated sampling of feces and urine, for 7 days periods, in alternate weeks all over the finishing period, after adaptation to the experimental diets. The trial lasted for 35 days. The inclusion of larva meal in diets was 9% and 18% respectively for diets BSF50 and BSF100. Live body weights (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were estimated weekly. Feed and water intake and excreta were measured daily. Diets and excreta were chemically analyzed and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Dry Matter (DM), Nitrogen (N) Energy (E), Calcium (C) and Phosphorus (P) and balance of N, E were calculated. Body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) were affected by diet. The BSF100 dietary treatment decreased the BWG and ADG. No significant effects of diet were observed for feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). There were no significant differences between the apparent digestibility (ATTD) of the experimental diets, except for the dry matter and crude energy ATTD. The obtained results showed that a complete substitution of soybean meal for BSF meal can be done without impacting nutrient digestibility. However, further investigations on productive performance parameters should be performed. Keywords: Growing-finishing pigs, Hermetia Illucens larva meal, Soybean substitution, Apparent digestibility, Growth performance
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Orientação: Sofia Van Harten ; coorientação: Olga Mafalda Salvador Conde Moreira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, SUÍNOS, VETERINARY MEDICINE, SWINE