Imagens e Memórias Coletivas: o Museu Nacional Resistência e Liberdade em Peniche
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2021
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Os museus de memória política têm se dedicado à educação da história recente em
países que sofreram com o autoritarismo. Simultaneamente, promovem a reparação de
memórias traumáticas de quem foi vítima da violência de Estado. Trabalha-se pelo
alargamento da atividade pedagógica dos museus por meio da inclusão de depoimentos e
testemunhos. A imagem fotográfica, enquanto suporte de análise histórica, nos auxilia no
entendimento do discurso hegemónico europeu do final do século XIX e da ideologia do
Estado Novo, que oprimiu Portugal por 48 anos. Ao mesmo tempo, a fotografia
desempenhou um papel importante na construção de um contradiscurso que desmentia a
propaganda política. Atualmente, o documento audiovisual é fundamental para a
preservação da memória de resistência. Os registros de relatos, viabilizados pelo Museu
Nacional de Resistência e Liberdade, buscam preencher lacunas na memória coletiva
portuguesa, integrando-as num espaço de memória traumática musealizado que é o forte de
Peniche, usado como prisão política. Defende-se a ideia de que a recolha e a exposição
destas memórias individuais podem expressar o reconhecimento público das injustiças do
passado, e que sua musealização é fundamental na quebra do silenciamento histórico. Foi
feita uma análise crítica do conteúdo proposto para o MRNL e uma análise concreta da
exposição Por Teu Livre Pensamento. Observou-se que – até o momento – a narrativa do
museu ainda reproduz um caráter comemorativista sobre o 25 de Abril e que apesar da
inserção inaugural da memória de resistência aos museus nacionais pouco se discute sobre
o tumultuado ano de 1975 que estampou a política portuguesa.
Museums of political memory have been dedicated to the education of recent history in countries that suffered with authoritarianism. Simultaneously, they promote the reparation of traumatic memory of victims of State violence. Practical and theoretical work has been done in order to extend the pedagogical activities through the inclusion of testimonies and declarations of witnesses. The photographic image as historical analysis tool helps us understand the late XIX century hegemonic European discourse and the Estado Novo ideology, that oppressed Portugal for 48 years. At the same time, photography has played a significant role in building up a counter-discourse and complementing the struggle of the people. Nowadays, the audiovisual document is an essencial tool in preserving the resistance memory. These recordings, promoted by the Museu Nacional Resistência e Liberdade (MNRL) – National Museum of Resistance and Freedom –, seek to fill up gaps in Portuguese collective memory, placing them in a traumatic memory musealised space that is the Peniche fort, used as political prison. We support the idea that the gathering and the exposition of these individual memories can publicly express recognition of the past injustices, and that its musealisation is an essencial step in breaking historical silencing. It was made a critical analysis of the table of content suggested for the MNRL and an objective analysis of the exposition 'Por Teu Livre Pensamento' – For Your Free Thinking. It has been observed that, to this moment, the museum narrative still reproduce a celebrative character about the 25th of April, and that despite the inauguration of the memory of the resistance in the Portuguese national museums minor effort has been made to discuss the controversial year of 1975 that draw this country's politics.
Museums of political memory have been dedicated to the education of recent history in countries that suffered with authoritarianism. Simultaneously, they promote the reparation of traumatic memory of victims of State violence. Practical and theoretical work has been done in order to extend the pedagogical activities through the inclusion of testimonies and declarations of witnesses. The photographic image as historical analysis tool helps us understand the late XIX century hegemonic European discourse and the Estado Novo ideology, that oppressed Portugal for 48 years. At the same time, photography has played a significant role in building up a counter-discourse and complementing the struggle of the people. Nowadays, the audiovisual document is an essencial tool in preserving the resistance memory. These recordings, promoted by the Museu Nacional Resistência e Liberdade (MNRL) – National Museum of Resistance and Freedom –, seek to fill up gaps in Portuguese collective memory, placing them in a traumatic memory musealised space that is the Peniche fort, used as political prison. We support the idea that the gathering and the exposition of these individual memories can publicly express recognition of the past injustices, and that its musealisation is an essencial step in breaking historical silencing. It was made a critical analysis of the table of content suggested for the MNRL and an objective analysis of the exposition 'Por Teu Livre Pensamento' – For Your Free Thinking. It has been observed that, to this moment, the museum narrative still reproduce a celebrative character about the 25th of April, and that despite the inauguration of the memory of the resistance in the Portuguese national museums minor effort has been made to discuss the controversial year of 1975 that draw this country's politics.
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Orientação: Judite Primo
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM MUSEOLOGIA, MUSEOLOGIA, MUSEOLOGY, FOTOGRAFIA, PHOTOGRAPHY, MEMÓRIA COLETIVA, COLLECTIVE MEMORY, SOCIOMUSEOLOGIA, SOCIOMUSEOLOGY, MUSEU NACIONAL RESISTÊNCIA E LIBERDADE