Gestão operacional e de emergência num acidente com matérias perigosas: caso de estudo na Linha de Leixões
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2022
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Os acidentes com matérias perigosas em trânsito são raros e, por via disso, também muito
desconhecidos da grande maioria dos atores de proteção civil. Apesar disso, quando se manifestam,
as suas consequências são geralmente dramáticas pela amplitude dos danos em pessoas, bens e
ambiente que podem originar. Os acidentes com matérias perigosas obrigam a processos de
emergência complexos, onde o nível de conhecimento sobre as variáveis que ditam o seu maior ou
menor sucesso é um fator crítico. Na procura de ações de resposta mais eficazes, urge, assim,
conhecer melhor essas variáveis. Por outro lado, também se justifica questionar os processos
empregues nas operações de proteção e socorro aplicáveis a acidentes desta natureza, analisando,
nomeadamente, as próprias diretrizes operacionais aplicáveis.
Este é o contexto e a motivação para o desenvolvimento da presente, onde se toma para
exemplo a linha de Leixões, no concelho de Matosinhos, e se consideram dois tipos de acidentes,
um envolvendo uma matéria inflamável, o metano líquido refrigerado, e outro, uma matéria tóxica,
o diisocianato de tolueno. Em ambos os casos, se procede à modelação computacional de vários
cenários integrando variáveis espaciais, temporais e climáticas, entre outras, com vista à melhor
compreensão de potenciais efeitos e consequências, tanto ao nível da radiação térmica como de
efeitos tóxicos. À luz dos resultados alcançados, analisa-se criticamente o estabelecido atualmente
no âmbito da gestão da emergência.
Integrou-se neste processo o software Aloha e a ferramenta Arcmap, complementados pela
metodologia “Areal Weighting”, para determinar as consequências dos dois tipos de acidente para
a população, infraestruturas e bens, documentadas com resultados que se apresentam
extensivamente. Posteriormente, fez-se uma comparação com o manual de intervenção em
acidentes com matérias perigosas da ANEPC, para aferir a sua adequabilidade perante os cenários
produzidos.
A partir do caso do diisocianato de tolueno, conclui-se que as variáveis meteorológicas são
altamente influenciadoras na gestão de emergências em que se verifique a formação de nuvens
tóxicas e que as atuais diretrizes operacionais carecem de atualização e de um complemento de
informação. Ambos os acidentes simulados também evidenciam a importância das variáveis locais
nos processos de planeamento e gestão destas crises.
Accidents with dangerous materials in transit are rare and, therefore, also very unknown to many civil protection actors. Nevertheless, when they manifest themselves, their consequences are generally dramatic by the extent of the damage on people, property and the environment that can lead. Accidents with hazardous materials require complex emergency processes, where the level of knowledge about the variables that dictate their greatest or less success is a critical factor. In the searching for more effective response actions, it is therefore urgent to know these variables better. On the other hand, it is also justified to question the procedures used in protection and rescue operations applicable to accidents of this nature, examining, inter alia, the applicable operational guidelines themselves. This is the context and motivation for the development of the present, where the Leixões line is taken for example, in the municipality of Matosinhos, and two types of accidents are considered, one involving a flammable matter, refrigerated liquid methane, and the other, a toxic matter, toluene diisocyanate. In both cases, the computational modeling of various scenarios are carried out integrating spatial, time and climatic variables, among others, with a view to a better understanding of potential effects and consequences, both in terms of thermal radiation and toxic effects. Due to the results achieved, the currently established emergency management is critically analyzed. Aloha software and Arcmap software, complemented by the "Areal Weighting" methodology, were integrated into this process to determine the consequences of the two types of accidents for the population, infrastructure and property, documented with the results that are presented extensively. Subsequently, a comparison was made with the manual intervention in accidents with hazardous materials of ANEPC, to assess its suitability in the face of the scenarios produced. From the case of toluene diisocyanate, it is concluded that meteorological variables are highly influential in the management of emergencies in which toxic clouds are forming and that the current operational guidelines need updating and a complement of information. Both simulated accidents also highlight the importance of local variables in the planning and management processes of these crises.
Accidents with dangerous materials in transit are rare and, therefore, also very unknown to many civil protection actors. Nevertheless, when they manifest themselves, their consequences are generally dramatic by the extent of the damage on people, property and the environment that can lead. Accidents with hazardous materials require complex emergency processes, where the level of knowledge about the variables that dictate their greatest or less success is a critical factor. In the searching for more effective response actions, it is therefore urgent to know these variables better. On the other hand, it is also justified to question the procedures used in protection and rescue operations applicable to accidents of this nature, examining, inter alia, the applicable operational guidelines themselves. This is the context and motivation for the development of the present, where the Leixões line is taken for example, in the municipality of Matosinhos, and two types of accidents are considered, one involving a flammable matter, refrigerated liquid methane, and the other, a toxic matter, toluene diisocyanate. In both cases, the computational modeling of various scenarios are carried out integrating spatial, time and climatic variables, among others, with a view to a better understanding of potential effects and consequences, both in terms of thermal radiation and toxic effects. Due to the results achieved, the currently established emergency management is critically analyzed. Aloha software and Arcmap software, complemented by the "Areal Weighting" methodology, were integrated into this process to determine the consequences of the two types of accidents for the population, infrastructure and property, documented with the results that are presented extensively. Subsequently, a comparison was made with the manual intervention in accidents with hazardous materials of ANEPC, to assess its suitability in the face of the scenarios produced. From the case of toluene diisocyanate, it is concluded that meteorological variables are highly influential in the management of emergencies in which toxic clouds are forming and that the current operational guidelines need updating and a complement of information. Both simulated accidents also highlight the importance of local variables in the planning and management processes of these crises.
Descrição
Orientação: Artur Fernandes Costa
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PROTEÇÃO CIVIL, PROTEÇÃO CIVIL, EMERGÊNCIA, GESTÃO DE OPERAÇÕES, CIVIL PROTECTION, EMERGENCY, OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, ACCIDENTS, PLANNING, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, MANAGEMENT, ACIDENTES, PLANEAMENTO, GESTÃO DE EMERGÊNCIAS, GESTÃO, PORTUGAL, LEIXÕES