Vitimação e funcionamento psicológico na idade adulta: o papel moderador do sexo
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Data
2018
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Apesar do foco tradicional no estudo de sintomas psicopatológicos decorrentes de experiências de Vitimação, vários autores têm sublinhado a necessidade de se assumir uma perspetiva mais holística de saúde mental neste domínio, destacando tratar-se de um estado completo de isenção de psicopatologia e níveis elevados de Bem-Estar. Considerando, também, evidências prévias sobre a relação entre psicopatologia e sexo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo testar o papel moderador do sexo na relação entre Vitimação e funcionamento psicológico, na idade adulta. Tanto as experiências de Vitimação como o funcionamento psicológico são aqui conceptualizados e medidos de forma multidimensional. A amostra foi constituída por 383 sujeitos, maioria do sexo feminino (53%), média de idades de 34.01 anos (DP = 10.6 anos). Trata-se de um estudo exploratório/correlacional, cujo protocolo de investigação inclui o BSI, EBEP e o Inquérito Nacional de Vitimação, divulgado através de contactos institucionais e redes sociais, com recolha de dados via online. No tratamento/análise dos dados utilizou-se o software informático SPSS. Dos resultados conclui-se que níveis superiores de vitimação estão associados a níveis superiores de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos. Na análise da variável sexo na relação entre a vitimação e os sintomas psicopatológicos, constatou-se que o sexo exerce um efeito moderador na relação entre a violência psicológica e a depressão, e na relação entre a violência física e a depressão. Contudo, é quando os níveis de vitimação psicológica e física são reduzidos, que homens e mulheres se distinguem mais e, em ambos os casos, são as mulheres quem apresentam mais problemas dessa natureza. Verificou-se que o sexo exerce um efeito moderador na relação entre as três formas de violência (física/sexual/psicológica) e a ansiedade, a destacar-se o sexo feminino. No que respeita à vitimação e ao BEP, níveis superiores de vitimação estão associados a níveis inferiores de BEP. Na análise do efeito do sexo na relação entre a vitimação e o BEP, o sexo exerce um efeito moderador na relação entre a violência psicológica nas seguintes dimensões do BEP: Relações Positivas, Objetivos de Vida e Aceitação de si.
Despite the traditional focus on the study of psychopathological symptoms resulting from victimization experiences, several authors have emphasized the need to take a more holistic view of mental health in this area, stressing that it is a complete state of freedom from psychopathology and high levels of Welfare. Considering also previous evidence on the relationship between psychopathology and sex, the present study aims to test the moderating role of sex in the relation between Victimization and psychological functioning in adulthood. Both Victim experiences and psychological functioning are here conceptualized and measured in a multidimensional way. The sample consisted of 383 subjects, mostly female (53%), mean age 34.01 years (SD = 10.6 years). This is an exploratory / correlational study, whose research protocol includes the BSI, EBEP and National Survey of Victimization, disseminated through institutional contacts and social networks, with online data collection. In the treatment / analysis of the data the computer software SPSS was used. In the results we conclude that higher levels of victimization are associated with higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms. In the analysis of the gender variable in the relationship between victimization and psychopathological symptoms, it was found that sex exerts a moderating effect on the relationship between psychological violence and depression, and on the relationship between physical violence and depression. However, it is when the levels of psychological and physical victimization are reduced, that men and women are distinguished more, and in both cases, women have the most problems of this nature. It was verified that sex exerts a moderating effect on the relationship between the three forms of violence (physical / sexual / psychological) and anxiety, to distinguish the female sex. With regard to victimization and BEP, that higher levels of victimization are associated with lower levels of BEP. In the analysis of the effect of sex on the relationship between victimization and BEP, sex has a moderating effect on the relationship between psychological violence in the following BEP dimensions: Positive Relationships, Life Goals and Self Acceptance.
Despite the traditional focus on the study of psychopathological symptoms resulting from victimization experiences, several authors have emphasized the need to take a more holistic view of mental health in this area, stressing that it is a complete state of freedom from psychopathology and high levels of Welfare. Considering also previous evidence on the relationship between psychopathology and sex, the present study aims to test the moderating role of sex in the relation between Victimization and psychological functioning in adulthood. Both Victim experiences and psychological functioning are here conceptualized and measured in a multidimensional way. The sample consisted of 383 subjects, mostly female (53%), mean age 34.01 years (SD = 10.6 years). This is an exploratory / correlational study, whose research protocol includes the BSI, EBEP and National Survey of Victimization, disseminated through institutional contacts and social networks, with online data collection. In the treatment / analysis of the data the computer software SPSS was used. In the results we conclude that higher levels of victimization are associated with higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms. In the analysis of the gender variable in the relationship between victimization and psychopathological symptoms, it was found that sex exerts a moderating effect on the relationship between psychological violence and depression, and on the relationship between physical violence and depression. However, it is when the levels of psychological and physical victimization are reduced, that men and women are distinguished more, and in both cases, women have the most problems of this nature. It was verified that sex exerts a moderating effect on the relationship between the three forms of violence (physical / sexual / psychological) and anxiety, to distinguish the female sex. With regard to victimization and BEP, that higher levels of victimization are associated with lower levels of BEP. In the analysis of the effect of sex on the relationship between victimization and BEP, sex has a moderating effect on the relationship between psychological violence in the following BEP dimensions: Positive Relationships, Life Goals and Self Acceptance.
Descrição
Orientação: Carla Antunes ; co-orientação: Célia Ferreira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, VITIMAÇÃO, BEM-ESTAR PSICOLÓGICO, PSICOPATOLOGIA, SAÚDE MENTAL, SEXO, PSYCHOLOGY, VICTIMISATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, MENTAL HEALTH, SEX