A pandemia da covid-19 como possível responsável pela mudança do paradigma do turismo : um estudo exploratório do mercado espanhol
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2021
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Tradicionalmente, o paradigma do turismo estava a ser liderado por dinâmicas focadas na obtenção de benefícios económicos, sem considerar os impactos sociais e ambientais, o que favorecia em alguns casos o desenvolvimento do fenómeno do overtourism. Com a chegada da pandemia da Covid-19, a indústria do turismo foi um dos setores mais afetados, vindo a constituir uma oportunidade para mudar as dinâmicas em que a atividade estava a ser desenvolvida. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo responder às seguintes questões: se os turistas espanhóis que já visitaram o Porto consideram que existe overtourism na cidade, como a pandemia da Covid-19 afetou o comportamento dos espanhóis que já visitaram o Porto face às suas deslocações turísticas e perceber se a Pandemia da Covid-19 vai alterar as escolhas dos destinos turísticos, favorecendo o Slow Tourism e o Turismo de proximidade. Para atingir os objetivos, foi utilizada uma metodologia integradora que combina ferramentas qualitativas (como a análise de documentos) e quantitativas (nomeadamente um inquérito por questionário). Da análise dos dados conclui-se que, no que toca ao turismo do Porto, embora os dados indiquem que os inquiridos não percecionam que exista overtourism no Porto, existe uma concordância no diz respeito à posição que os gestores deverão tomar para encontrar estratégias para enfrentar os problemas causados pela pandemia e que estas devem considerar medidas que evitem no futuro situações de overtourism. A pandemia da Covid-19 obrigou os turistas espanhóis a alterarem as suas práticas habituais por força das medidas de contingência dos vários países e da necessidade de segurança, sendo obrigados a procurar novas formas de turismo, como o turismo de proximidade, o turismo rural e os alojamentos mais pequenos e menos massificados. No entanto, o facto de eles não irem para destinos de longa distância não deriva do fator medo de contágio, mas sim de se sentirem mais seguros em termos de saúde. Apesar da pandemia, os dados do estudo mostram que os turistas não se posicionam totalmente de acordo com a mudança de hábitos de consumo no que toca às viagens nem ao tipo de alojamento. Assim sendo, os dados não são totalmente reveladores de que os inquiridos tencionem mudar os seus hábitos numa situação de pós-pandemia. Pelo que tudo indica que a pandemia não será responsável por uma mudança de paradigma.
Traditionally, the tourism paradigm was being led by dynamics focused on obtaining economic benefits, without considering social and environmental impacts, which in some cases favoured the development of the phenomenon of overtourism. With the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic, the tourism industry was one of the most affected sectors, providing an opportunity to change the dynamics in which the sector will be developed. This study aims to answer the following questions: do Spanish tourists, who have already visited Porto, perceive that the city suffers from overtourisum, how has the Covid-19 pandemic affected the behaviour of Spanish people who have already visited Porto, in relation to their tourist travel, and whether tourists choices in destination changed because of the Covid-19 pandemic, possibly favouring Slow Tourism and local tourism. To achieve the objectives, an integrating methodology was used, combining qualitative tools (such as document analysis) and quantitative tools (namely a survey by questionnaire). From the analysis of the data it appears that, with regard to tourism in Porto, in spite of the fact that respondents do not have the perception of overtourism in the city, they agree destination managers should implement strategies to face the problems caused by the pandemic and that they should also consider measures to avoid future overtourism. The Covid-19 pandemic has forced Spanish tourists to change their usual practices because of the contingency measures of the various countries and the need for security, so they have been forced to look for new forms of tourism, such as local tourism, rural tourism and smaller and less populous accommodation. However, the fact that they do not go to long-distance destinations does not stem from the fear of contagion factor, but rather from feeling safer in terms of health. Despite the pandemic, the study data show that tourists are not fully in line with changing consumer habits regarding travel and type of accommodation. Therefore, the data does not fully reveal that respondents intend to change their habits in a post-pandemic situation. It therefore appears that the pandemic will not be responsible for a paradigm shift.
Traditionally, the tourism paradigm was being led by dynamics focused on obtaining economic benefits, without considering social and environmental impacts, which in some cases favoured the development of the phenomenon of overtourism. With the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic, the tourism industry was one of the most affected sectors, providing an opportunity to change the dynamics in which the sector will be developed. This study aims to answer the following questions: do Spanish tourists, who have already visited Porto, perceive that the city suffers from overtourisum, how has the Covid-19 pandemic affected the behaviour of Spanish people who have already visited Porto, in relation to their tourist travel, and whether tourists choices in destination changed because of the Covid-19 pandemic, possibly favouring Slow Tourism and local tourism. To achieve the objectives, an integrating methodology was used, combining qualitative tools (such as document analysis) and quantitative tools (namely a survey by questionnaire). From the analysis of the data it appears that, with regard to tourism in Porto, in spite of the fact that respondents do not have the perception of overtourism in the city, they agree destination managers should implement strategies to face the problems caused by the pandemic and that they should also consider measures to avoid future overtourism. The Covid-19 pandemic has forced Spanish tourists to change their usual practices because of the contingency measures of the various countries and the need for security, so they have been forced to look for new forms of tourism, such as local tourism, rural tourism and smaller and less populous accommodation. However, the fact that they do not go to long-distance destinations does not stem from the fear of contagion factor, but rather from feeling safer in terms of health. Despite the pandemic, the study data show that tourists are not fully in line with changing consumer habits regarding travel and type of accommodation. Therefore, the data does not fully reveal that respondents intend to change their habits in a post-pandemic situation. It therefore appears that the pandemic will not be responsible for a paradigm shift.
Descrição
Orientação: Maria Isabel Marques
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM GESTÃO DE TURISMO, TURISMO, COVID-19, GESTÃO TURÍSTICA, MERCADO TURÍSTICO, ESPANHA , TOURISM , COVID-19, TOURISM MANAGEMENT, TOURISM MARKET, SPAIN