O bem-estar na população reclusa: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
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2022
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Enquadramento: Numa sociedade demarcada pelo stress, a felicidade surge como um dos maiores anseios, o que tem levado ao aumento do interesse científico no estudo do bem-estar, que se apresenta como um fenómeno crucial para o indivíduo e sociedade. E apesar de se reconhecer que, entre outros efeitos, este pode contribuir para a redução do crime e adoção de comportamentos mais prossociais, pouco se sabe sobre si no contexto prisional. O que, perante a relativa ineficácia das penas privativas de liberdade, revela a necessidade iminente de se apostar em estratégias que o promovam e que de algum modo auxiliem no processo de reabilitação dos reclusos.
Objetivo: Fornecer uma síntese dos estudos sobre as intervenções, dirigidas à população reclusa, que visem a promoção do bem-estar subjetivo e/ou psicológico.
Método: Uma pesquisa eletrónica da literatura foi realizada em quatro bases de dados, das quais oito artigos foram incluídos para revisão por respeitarem a totalidade dos critérios de elegibilidade. O processo foi realizado de forma independente por pares, que adotaram como protocolo metodológico o PRISMA Statement.
Resultados: As intervenções que visam a promoção do bem-estar subjetivo e/ou psicológico dos reclusos, revelaram-se escassas, mas inovadoras e diversificadas entre si. Tendo demonstrado não apenas efeitos positivos ao nível desta variável, como a possibilidade de assumir um papel crucial no processo reabilitador desta população, com efeitos que se podem observar a longo prazo e que se estendem além prisão.
Conclusão: A descrença de que nada funciona nesta população, parece apenas contribuir para a sua marginalização e para o aumento da reincidência criminal, tendo-se observado que a prisão pode funcionar como um contexto de proteção e aquisição de novas competências facilitadoras do processo de reentrada na sociedade.
Palavras-chave: Revisão sistemática; bem-estar; população reclusa; intervenção; reabilitação social.
Background: In a society marked by stress, happiness emerges as one of the greatest desires, which has led to an increase in scientific interest in studying well-being, which presents itself as a crucial phenomenon for the individual and for society. Although it is recognized that, among other factors, well-being can contribute to the reduction of crime and the adoption of more pro-social behaviors, little is known about it in the prison context. Given the relative ineffectiveness of custodial sentences, there is an imminent need to invest in strategies that promote and somehow help inmates’ process of social reinsertion. Objective: Provide a summary of studies on interventions, aimed at the inmate population, that aim to promote their subjective and/or psychological well-being. Method: An electronic literature search was carried out in four databases, in which eight articles were included for review as they met all required criteria. The process was carried out independently by peers, adopting the PRISMA Statement as the methodological protocol. Results: Interventions aimed at promoting inmate’s subjective and/or psychological well-being proved to be scarce, but innovative and diverse among themselves. Results not only reveal a statistically significant positive effect of well-being, but also reveal the possibility of this variable assuming a crucial role in the rehabilitation process of this population, with long-term effects that extend beyond prison. Conclusion: The disbelief that nothing works in this population only seems to contribute to their marginalization and the increase in criminal recidivism, having observed that prison may function as a context of protection and acquisition of new skills that facilitate the process of reentry into society. Keywords: Systematic review; well-being; inmate population; intervention; social reinsertion.
Background: In a society marked by stress, happiness emerges as one of the greatest desires, which has led to an increase in scientific interest in studying well-being, which presents itself as a crucial phenomenon for the individual and for society. Although it is recognized that, among other factors, well-being can contribute to the reduction of crime and the adoption of more pro-social behaviors, little is known about it in the prison context. Given the relative ineffectiveness of custodial sentences, there is an imminent need to invest in strategies that promote and somehow help inmates’ process of social reinsertion. Objective: Provide a summary of studies on interventions, aimed at the inmate population, that aim to promote their subjective and/or psychological well-being. Method: An electronic literature search was carried out in four databases, in which eight articles were included for review as they met all required criteria. The process was carried out independently by peers, adopting the PRISMA Statement as the methodological protocol. Results: Interventions aimed at promoting inmate’s subjective and/or psychological well-being proved to be scarce, but innovative and diverse among themselves. Results not only reveal a statistically significant positive effect of well-being, but also reveal the possibility of this variable assuming a crucial role in the rehabilitation process of this population, with long-term effects that extend beyond prison. Conclusion: The disbelief that nothing works in this population only seems to contribute to their marginalization and the increase in criminal recidivism, having observed that prison may function as a context of protection and acquisition of new skills that facilitate the process of reentry into society. Keywords: Systematic review; well-being; inmate population; intervention; social reinsertion.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Rita Conde Dias
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA, BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW, BEM-ESTAR, WELL-BEING, RECLUSOS, PRISONNIERS, REABILITAÇÃO SOCIAL, SOCIAL REHABILITATION