Psicopatia e saúde mental: estudo comparativo entre reclusos que cometeram crimes violentos e não violentos
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2022
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Enquadramento: A comparação entre criminalidade e indicadores de psicopatia e saúde mental tem sido um fenómeno que não tem reunido consensualidade, embora a criminalidade (especialmente violenta) se encontrar muitas vezes interrelacionada com maiores níveis de psicopatia e de problemas de saúde mental.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo tem como finalidade a comparação entre ofensores violentos e não violentos, relativamente aos indicadores de saúde mental e nível de psicopatia, tendo em consideração o género. Método: Como medidas foram utilizadas o questionário sociodemográfico e criminal, o teste Self-Report Psychopathy – SRP, e a Escala Continuum de Saúde Mental – MHC-SF. Foram aplicados 322 questionários a reclusos, sendo que 168 são do género masculino e 131 são do género feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 21 e os 75 anos, dos quais 223 cometeram crimes não violentos e 80 crimes violentos. Com vista a dar resposta aos objetivos, foram realizadas duas MANOVAs (Multivariate Analysis of Variance). Resultados: Os resultados obtidos indicam que o tipo de crime cometido (violento ou não violento) não tem um efeito significativo nos indicadores de psicopatia e de saúde mental, sendo esta conclusão independente do género dos indivíduos. De igual forma, o género dos indivíduos não tem um efeito significativo nos indicadores de psicopatia e saúde mental dos reclusos, sendo esta conclusão independente do tipo de crime cometido. Discussão: Os participantes desta amostra tendem a reportar um melhor funcionamento social (bem-estar social) do que individual (bem-estar psicológico) e menores sentimentos positivos (bem-estar emocional), quando comparados com os participantes do estudo de validação. Também os níveis de psicopatia não se encontram significativamente relacionados com o género, nem com o tipo de crime, ou seja, o tipo de crime é independente do género dos indivíduos e vice-versa. Palavras-chave: Psicopatia, Saúde Mental, Criminalidade, Reclusos
Background: The comparison between crime and indicators of psychopathy and mental health has been a phenomenon that has not met with consensus, although crime (especially violent crime) is often interrelated with higher levels of psychopathy and mental health problems. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare violent and non-violent offenders with regards to mental health indicators and level of psychopathy, taking gender into consideration. Method: The sociodemographic and criminal questionnaire, the Self-Report Psychopathy test - SRP, and the Mental Health Continuum Scale - MHC-SF were used as measures. A total of 322 questionnaires were applied to inmates, 168 male and 131 female, aged between 21 and 75, of whom 223 had committed non-violent crimes and 80 violent crimes. In order to meet the objectives, two MANOVAs (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) were carried out. Results: The results obtained indicate that the type of crime committed (violent or non-violent) does not have a significant effect on the psychopathy and mental health indicators, and this conclusion is independent of the gender of the individuals. Similarly, the gender of the individuals does not have a significant effect on the psychopathy and mental health indicators of the inmates, and this conclusion is independent of the type of crime committed. Discussion: Participants in this sample tended to report better social functioning (social well-being) than individual functioning (psychological well-being) and lower positive feelings (emotional well-being) when compared to participants in the validation study. Also, levels of psychopathy are not significantly related to gender, nor to the type of crime, in other words, the type of crime is independent of the gender of the individuals and vice versa. Keywords: Psychopathy, Mental Health, Criminality, Inmates
Background: The comparison between crime and indicators of psychopathy and mental health has been a phenomenon that has not met with consensus, although crime (especially violent crime) is often interrelated with higher levels of psychopathy and mental health problems. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare violent and non-violent offenders with regards to mental health indicators and level of psychopathy, taking gender into consideration. Method: The sociodemographic and criminal questionnaire, the Self-Report Psychopathy test - SRP, and the Mental Health Continuum Scale - MHC-SF were used as measures. A total of 322 questionnaires were applied to inmates, 168 male and 131 female, aged between 21 and 75, of whom 223 had committed non-violent crimes and 80 violent crimes. In order to meet the objectives, two MANOVAs (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) were carried out. Results: The results obtained indicate that the type of crime committed (violent or non-violent) does not have a significant effect on the psychopathy and mental health indicators, and this conclusion is independent of the gender of the individuals. Similarly, the gender of the individuals does not have a significant effect on the psychopathy and mental health indicators of the inmates, and this conclusion is independent of the type of crime committed. Discussion: Participants in this sample tended to report better social functioning (social well-being) than individual functioning (psychological well-being) and lower positive feelings (emotional well-being) when compared to participants in the validation study. Also, levels of psychopathy are not significantly related to gender, nor to the type of crime, in other words, the type of crime is independent of the gender of the individuals and vice versa. Keywords: Psychopathy, Mental Health, Criminality, Inmates
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Orientação: Rita Conde ; coorientação: Claúdia Sousa
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, PSICOPATIAS, PSYCHOPATHIES, SAÚDE MENTAL, MENTAL HEALTH, CRIMINALIDADE, CRIMINALITY, RECLUSOS, INMATES