As Infraestruturas na Reabilitação de Edifícios Antigos : Reabilitação de um Edifício para instalação de uma Unidade Hoteleira no Porto
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2022
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A reabilitação tem sido uma disciplina que tem vindo a suscitar cada vez maior interesse e destaque, tanto como área de estudo do ponto de vista ideológico e técnico, como alternativa à construção nova, tanto pela saturação dos atuais tecidos urbanos, como meio de preservação dos valores culturais das sociedades antepassadas. Da perspetiva de edifício isolado, o âmbito da reabilitação foca a atualização e a adequação dos imóveis aos atuais requisitos de uso. No entanto, reabilitar um edifício não é somente torná-lo habitável ou dotá-lo de um uso exequível e pragmático: é interpretar uma existência, identificar os seus valores e características intrínsecas e notáveis, salvaguardando-as e conjugando-as com a atualidade, por forma não só a criar um conjunto uníssono e coerente, que reporte a memória da sua época, mas também um organismo vivo do habitar quotidiano. Para tal, é necessário ir para além da mera intervenção de cosmética ou de divisão espacial do edifício. É fundamental, de acordo com a legislação nacional vigente, adaptá-lo às atuais exigências e padrões de habitabilidade, sendo muitas vezes obrigatório a introdução de novas infraestruturas.
Sendo um âmbito relegado quase sempre às disciplinas da engenharia, as infraestruturas têm sido, de modo algo generalizado, desvalorizadas pelos arquitetos na metodologia de conceção dos projetos, remetendo-as frequentemente para segundo plano. Porém, propor-se a realizar um projeto de reabilitação sem se ter em conta as infraestruturas necessárias para o eficiente funcionamento do edifício, não deixa de ser uma forma errónea de se projetar, onde dificilmente o plano encaixará de forma orgânica e natural na pré-existência, podendo resultar numa intervenção acrescida e uma consequente descaracterização dos valores patrimoniais do imóvel, originando um aumento de custos desnecessários e subsequentes reformulações do projeto arquitetónico e de execução da obra de construção civil. Assim, as várias infraestruturas devem ser tomadas em consideração, acompanhando todo o processo de desenvolvimento do projeto, tornando-se necessário o conhecimento das várias tecnologias e metodologias envolventes, por forma a melhor poder compatibilizar as suas características técnicas com as opções formais, espaciais e estéticas idealizadas, traduzindo-se numa intervenção eficiente, tanto em termos de habitabilidade como de preservação dos valores patrimoniais do imóvel.
Rehabilitation is a discipline that has been attracting increasing interest and prominence, both as an area of study from an ideological and technical point of view, as an alternative to new construction, due to the saturation of current urban fabrics and as a means of preservation of the cultural values of ancestral societies. From the standpoint of an isolated building, the scope of rehabilitation focuses on updating and adapting the buildings to current usage requirements. However, rehabilitating a building is not just about making it habitable or giving it a feasible and pragmatic use: it is about interpreting an existence, identifying its intrinsic and remarkable values and characteristics, safeguarding and combining them with the present, in order to, not only to create a unisonous and coherent whole, which recalls the memory of its time, but also a living organism of everyday living. For this, it is necessary to go beyond the mere intervention on cosmetics or on the spatial organization of the building. It is essential, in accordance with current national legislation, to adapt it to current requirements and standards of habitability and the introduction of new infrastructure is often mandatory. Being an area almost always relegated to the engineering disciplines, infrastructures have been, in a generalized way, devalued by architects in the project design methodology, often relegating them to the background. However, proposing to carry out a rehabilitation project without taking into account the infrastructure necessary for the efficient functioning of the building, is an erroneous way of designing, where the plan will hardly fit in an organic and natural way in the pre-existence, which may result in an increased intervention and a consequent mischaracterization of the property's patrimonial values, leading to an increase in unnecessary costs and subsequent reformulations of the architectural project and execution of the civil construction work. Thus, the various infrastructures must be taken into account, following the entire project development process, making it necessary to know the various technologies and methodologies involved, in order to better match their technical characteristics with formal, spatial and idealized aesthetics, translating into an efficient intervention, both in terms of habitability and preservation of the property's heritage values.
Rehabilitation is a discipline that has been attracting increasing interest and prominence, both as an area of study from an ideological and technical point of view, as an alternative to new construction, due to the saturation of current urban fabrics and as a means of preservation of the cultural values of ancestral societies. From the standpoint of an isolated building, the scope of rehabilitation focuses on updating and adapting the buildings to current usage requirements. However, rehabilitating a building is not just about making it habitable or giving it a feasible and pragmatic use: it is about interpreting an existence, identifying its intrinsic and remarkable values and characteristics, safeguarding and combining them with the present, in order to, not only to create a unisonous and coherent whole, which recalls the memory of its time, but also a living organism of everyday living. For this, it is necessary to go beyond the mere intervention on cosmetics or on the spatial organization of the building. It is essential, in accordance with current national legislation, to adapt it to current requirements and standards of habitability and the introduction of new infrastructure is often mandatory. Being an area almost always relegated to the engineering disciplines, infrastructures have been, in a generalized way, devalued by architects in the project design methodology, often relegating them to the background. However, proposing to carry out a rehabilitation project without taking into account the infrastructure necessary for the efficient functioning of the building, is an erroneous way of designing, where the plan will hardly fit in an organic and natural way in the pre-existence, which may result in an increased intervention and a consequent mischaracterization of the property's patrimonial values, leading to an increase in unnecessary costs and subsequent reformulations of the architectural project and execution of the civil construction work. Thus, the various infrastructures must be taken into account, following the entire project development process, making it necessary to know the various technologies and methodologies involved, in order to better match their technical characteristics with formal, spatial and idealized aesthetics, translating into an efficient intervention, both in terms of habitability and preservation of the property's heritage values.
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Orientação: João Carlos Martins Lopes dos Santos
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM ARQUITETURA, ARQUITETURA, PATRIMÓNIO ARQUITETÓNICO, REABILITAÇÃO ARQUITETÓNICA, INFRAESTRUTURAS, ARCHITECTURE, ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, ARCHITECTURAL REHABILITATION, INFRASTRUCTURES