Saúde mental, psicopatia e adversidade ao longo da vida: um estudo comparativo entre a criminalidade masculina e a criminalidade feminina
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2023
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Enquadramento: A literatura no âmbito da criminalidade tem sido associada maioritariamente ao género masculino embora, nos últimos anos, tenha havido um crescente foco na criminalidade feminina. Há estudos que procuram comparar mulheres e homens que praticam crime. Alguns indicam que homens e mulheres não se distinguem e outros que postulam diferenças, principalmente ao nível da saúde mental, psicopatia e historial de adversidade. Contudo, os estudos não são consensuais.
Objetivo: O presente estudo procura comparar a criminalidade masculina e a criminalidade feminina ao nível da saúde mental, psicopatia e adversidade na infância.
Método: A amostra foi constituída por 322 reclusos, 180 (55.9%) do género masculino e 138 (42.9%) do género feminino. Para a recolha de dados aplicou-se um Questionário Sociodemográfico e Criminal e três instrumentos psicométricos – o Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) para avaliar a saúde mental, o Self-Report Psychopathy Scale–Short Form (SRP-SF) para avaliar a psicopatia e o Childhood Trauma Questionnaire — Short Form (CTQ-SF) para avaliar a adversidade na infância. Recorreu-se ao IBM SPSS Statistics versão 28, para proceder à análise estatística dos dados, tendo-se realizado três MANOVAs (Multivariante Analysis of Variance).
Resultados: Relativamente à saúde mental não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas; na psicopatia foram encontradas diferenças significativas mas apenas nas dimensões do estilo de vida e antissocial; na adversidade existem diferenças mas estas só se revelam significativas no abuso sexual, com este a apresentar valores superiores no género feminino.
Conclusão: Reclusos e reclusas demonstraram ter problemas de saúde mental, psicopatia e adversidade na infância e ao longo da vida. Os resultados, apesar de na sua maioria não serem significativos, sugerem a necessidade de programas de prevenção e intervenção com a população reclusa portuguesa, independentemente do género.
Palavras-Chave: Saúde Mental, Psicopatia, Adversidade, Criminalidade Masculina e Criminalidade Feminina.
Background: The literature on crime has been mostly associated with males, although in recent years there has been a growing focus on female criminality. There are studies that attempt to compare women and men who commit crime. Some indicating that men and women are indistinguishable and others that postulate differences, mainly in terms of mental health, psychopathy, and adversity history. However, the studies are not consensual. Objective: The present study seeks to compare male and female criminality at the level of mental health, psychopathy, and childhood adversity. Method: The sample consisted of 322 inmates, 180 (55.9%) males and 138 (42.9%) females. For data collection we applied a Sociodemographic and Criminal Questionnaire and three psychometric instruments - the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) to assess mental health, the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-Short Form (SRP-SF) to assess psychopathy and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF) to assess childhood adversity. IBM SPSS Statistics version 28 was used to perform the statistical analysis of the data, with three MANOVAs (Multivariant Analysis of Variance). Results: No statistically significant differences were found in mental health; significant differences were found in psychopathy, but only in the lifestyle and antisocial dimensions; there were differences in adversity, but these were only significant in sexual abuse, with higher values in females. Conclusion: Male and female inmates have shown to have mental health, psychopathy and adversity problems in childhood and throughout life. The results, although mostly not significant, suggest the need for prevention and intervention programs with the Portuguese inmate population, regardless of gender. Keywords: Mental Health, Psychopathy, Adversity, Male Criminality and Female Criminality.
Background: The literature on crime has been mostly associated with males, although in recent years there has been a growing focus on female criminality. There are studies that attempt to compare women and men who commit crime. Some indicating that men and women are indistinguishable and others that postulate differences, mainly in terms of mental health, psychopathy, and adversity history. However, the studies are not consensual. Objective: The present study seeks to compare male and female criminality at the level of mental health, psychopathy, and childhood adversity. Method: The sample consisted of 322 inmates, 180 (55.9%) males and 138 (42.9%) females. For data collection we applied a Sociodemographic and Criminal Questionnaire and three psychometric instruments - the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) to assess mental health, the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-Short Form (SRP-SF) to assess psychopathy and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF) to assess childhood adversity. IBM SPSS Statistics version 28 was used to perform the statistical analysis of the data, with three MANOVAs (Multivariant Analysis of Variance). Results: No statistically significant differences were found in mental health; significant differences were found in psychopathy, but only in the lifestyle and antisocial dimensions; there were differences in adversity, but these were only significant in sexual abuse, with higher values in females. Conclusion: Male and female inmates have shown to have mental health, psychopathy and adversity problems in childhood and throughout life. The results, although mostly not significant, suggest the need for prevention and intervention programs with the Portuguese inmate population, regardless of gender. Keywords: Mental Health, Psychopathy, Adversity, Male Criminality and Female Criminality.
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Orientação: Ana Rita Conde Dias
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SAÚDE MENTAL, MENTAL HEALTH, PSICOPATIAS, PSYCHOPATHIES, ADVERSIDADE, ADVERSITY, CRIMINALIDADE MASCULINA, MALE CRIMINALITY, CRIMINALIDADE FEMININA, FEMALE CRIMINALITY, MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY