Deteção de resíduos de antimicrobianos em tecidos de ungulados colhidos em matadouro
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2024
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A presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos em produtos de origem animal, acima dos limites máximos estabelecidos na legislação, apresenta riscos graves para a Saúde Pública e o ecossistema. Em Portugal, são escassos os estudos que avaliam a presença de resíduos nos géneros alimentícios, sendo por isso relevante a sua avaliação através de diferentes testes e tipos de matrizes. Foram colhidas um total de 449 amostras (265 de suíno, 166 de bovino, 15 de ovino e 3 de Equus caballus) repartidas por 3 matrizes (músculo, fígado e rim), de animais abatidos em 3 matadouros do centro de Portugal. Para a deteção de resíduos foi aplicado o teste em microplaca com Geobacillus stearothermophilus. Posteriormente foi utilizado o teste Tetracyclines Rapid Test Kit para a identificação dos resíduos positivos para tetraciclinas (TC). Na amostra total registaram-se 15% (69/449) de amostras positivas a antimicrobianos. Relativamente à ocorrência de amostras positivas por espécie, observou-se 15% para suínos (39/265), 12% para bovinos (20/166), e 67% para ovinos (10/15). Na incidência de amostras por matriz em cada espécie, foram detetadas amostras positivas em músculo [97% (38/39)] e rim [3% (1/39)] de suínos, em fígado [55% (11/20)] e músculo [45% (9/20)] de bovino e, em fígado [80% (8/10)] e músculo [20% (2/10)] de ovino. Verificou-se que em 16% (11/69) das amostras positivas foram detetados resíduos de TC. Nas amostras de suíno não foram detetados resíduos de TC, nas amostras de bovino foi detetada TC em 30% dos casos [dos quais 50% de músculo e 50% (3/6) de fígado] e em ovino foi detetada TC em 50% das amostras (dos quais 20% (1/5) de músculo e 80% (4/5) de fígado). Em conclusão, foi possível detetar a presença de resíduos de antibióticos (ATB) em tecidos de animais abatidos e rejeitados para consumo humano (subprodutos), mais, foram identificadas amostras positivas para TC, uma classe de ATB muito usado na terapêutica de animais de produção. Este estudo contribuiu para alargar o conhecimento sobre o perigo associado ao uso de ATB em animais e eventuais riscos para a Saúde Pública. Também constitui um ponto de partida para estudos, no que diz respeito à identificação de multi-ocorrência de resíduos e sua posterior correlação com o isolamento de bactérias multirresistentes. Palavras-chaves: Antimicrobianos, Fígado, Matadouro, Músculo, Resíduos, Resistência, Rim, Uma só Saúde, Ungulados
The presence of antimicrobial residues in products of animal origin, above the maximum limits established in legislation, presents serious risks to Public Health and the ecosystem. In Portugal, there are few studies that evaluate the presence of residues in foodstuffs, which is why it is important to evaluate them through different tests and types of matrices. A total of 449 samples were collected (265 from pigs, 166 from cattle, 15 from sheep and 3 from Equus caballus) divided into 3 matrices (muscle, liver, and kidney), from animals slaughtered in 3 slaughterhouses in central Portugal. To detect residues, the microplate test was applied with Geobacillus stearothermophilus. Subsequently, the Tetracyclines Rapid Test Kit was used to identify positive residues for tetracyclines (TC). In the total sample, 15% (69/449) of samples were positive for antimicrobials. Regarding the occurrence of positive samples by species, 15% were observed for pigs (39/265), 12% for cattle (20/166), and 67% for sheep (10/15). In the incidence of samples per matrix in each species, positive samples were detected in muscle [97% (38/39)] and kidney [3% (1/39)] of pigs, in liver [55% (11/20)] and muscle [45% (9/20)] of cattle and liver [80% (8/10)] and muscle [20% (2/10)] of sheep. It was found that TC residues were detected in 16% (11/69) of the positive samples. In porcine samples no TC residues were detected, in bovine samples TC was detected in 30% of the cases [of which 50% from muscle and 50% (3/6) from liver] and in sheep TC was detected in 50 % of samples [of which 20% (1/5) from muscle and 80% (4/5) from liver]. In conclusion, it was possible to detect the presence of antibiotic (ATB) residues in tissues of animals slaughtered and rejected for human consumption (by-products), in addition, positive samples were identified for TC, a class of ATB widely used in the treatment of farm animals. This study contributed to expanding knowledge about the hazard associated with the use of ATB in animals and risks to Public Health. It also constitutes a starting point for studies, regarding the identification of multi-occurrence of residues and their subsequent correlation with the isolation of multi-resistant bacteria. Keywords: Antimicrobials, Kidney, Liver, Muscle, One Health, Residues, Resistance, Slaughterhouse, Ungulates
The presence of antimicrobial residues in products of animal origin, above the maximum limits established in legislation, presents serious risks to Public Health and the ecosystem. In Portugal, there are few studies that evaluate the presence of residues in foodstuffs, which is why it is important to evaluate them through different tests and types of matrices. A total of 449 samples were collected (265 from pigs, 166 from cattle, 15 from sheep and 3 from Equus caballus) divided into 3 matrices (muscle, liver, and kidney), from animals slaughtered in 3 slaughterhouses in central Portugal. To detect residues, the microplate test was applied with Geobacillus stearothermophilus. Subsequently, the Tetracyclines Rapid Test Kit was used to identify positive residues for tetracyclines (TC). In the total sample, 15% (69/449) of samples were positive for antimicrobials. Regarding the occurrence of positive samples by species, 15% were observed for pigs (39/265), 12% for cattle (20/166), and 67% for sheep (10/15). In the incidence of samples per matrix in each species, positive samples were detected in muscle [97% (38/39)] and kidney [3% (1/39)] of pigs, in liver [55% (11/20)] and muscle [45% (9/20)] of cattle and liver [80% (8/10)] and muscle [20% (2/10)] of sheep. It was found that TC residues were detected in 16% (11/69) of the positive samples. In porcine samples no TC residues were detected, in bovine samples TC was detected in 30% of the cases [of which 50% from muscle and 50% (3/6) from liver] and in sheep TC was detected in 50 % of samples [of which 20% (1/5) from muscle and 80% (4/5) from liver]. In conclusion, it was possible to detect the presence of antibiotic (ATB) residues in tissues of animals slaughtered and rejected for human consumption (by-products), in addition, positive samples were identified for TC, a class of ATB widely used in the treatment of farm animals. This study contributed to expanding knowledge about the hazard associated with the use of ATB in animals and risks to Public Health. It also constitutes a starting point for studies, regarding the identification of multi-occurrence of residues and their subsequent correlation with the isolation of multi-resistant bacteria. Keywords: Antimicrobials, Kidney, Liver, Muscle, One Health, Residues, Resistance, Slaughterhouse, Ungulates
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, ANTIMICROBIAL, SLAUGHTERHOUSES, FOOD SAFETY, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, ANTIMICROBIANOS, MATADOUROS, SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária