Clima de escola, organização e liderança na perspectiva dos alunos : um estudo de caso numa escola básica e secundária no Concelho de Torres Novas
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2011
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Os estudos sobre o clima de escola partiram das teorias clássicas das organizações e
sofreram a sua primeira e grande influência com a teoria das relações humanas. É no cerne
desta teoria que emerge uma das primeiras conceptualizações de clima organizacional,
mediante a valorização da componente perceptiva na explicação do comportamento da
organização e da importância dada ao lado humano da escola, nas suas dimensões psicológica
e social.
Com o nosso estudo pretendeu-se conhecer a opinião dos alunos e órgãos de gestão
da escola nas pessoas do Director e Presidente do Conselho Geral sobre o clima da sua escola,
tendo em atenção várias dimensões do clima de escola em geral, e também a opinião dos
órgãos de gestão da escola sobre a organização e liderança na escola.
Para a concretização dos objectivos efectuou-se um estudo de caso, tendo a
investigação incidido numa escola básica com segundo, terceiro ciclo e ensino secundário do
concelho de Torres Novas. Para a realização do estudo, optou-se por uma abordagem
associada dos paradigmas qualitativo e quantitativo, tendo-se procedido à aplicação de
entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos representantes dos dois principais órgãos de gestão da escola
Director e Presidente do Conselho Geral, e à aplicação de um questionário, a uma amostra
representativa constituída por 146 alunos.
Com base nas opiniões dos participantes identificámos os pontos fracos e pontos
fortes da organização em causa.
A análise dos dados indicou-nos a existência de uma percepção global positiva do
clima da escola, em quase todos os aspectos estudados. Quanto aos alunos, declararam uma
imagem positiva dos professores, consideraram existir um bom clima relacional entre alunos e
professores, entre os seus pares, entre professores e um clima de justiça imparcial.
Os resultados demonstraram existir pontos fracos ao nível da segurança. Esses
pontos referem-se a locais onde os alunos se sentem menos seguros, nomeadamente, a entrada
da escola e o recreio.
Studies on school atmosphere had its origin on the classical theories of organizations and its first major influence happened with the theory of human relationships. It is at the heart of this theory that emerges one of the first conceptualizations of organizational atmosphere by emphasizing a perceptual component in the explanation of the behaviour of the organization and of the importance given to the human side of school, in its psychological and social dimensions. With our study we wanted to get acquainted with the opinions not only of students but also of school management members - the Headmaster and the Chairman of Conselho Geral - about the atmosphere of their school, taking into account several dimensions: the school atmosphere in general and also the opinion of school management members on the organization and leadership at the school. To achieve the objectives it was carried out a case study, where the research was focused on a secondary school (students aged 10 to 20) in the county of Torres Novas. To conduct the study, we chose an approach associated with qualitative and quantitative paradigms, having made semi-structured interviews to representatives of the two major school management members- the Headmaster and the Chairman of Conselho Geral- and used a questionnaire to a representative sample of one hundred and forty-six students. Based on the opinions of the participants we identified the strengths as well as the weaknesses of the mentioned organization. Data analysis showed us that there is an overall positive perception of school atmosphere in almost all aspects studied. As for students they have referred to a positive image of teachers, a good relational atmosphere between teachers and students and among their peers, among teachers and an atmosphere of impartial justice. The results showed weaknesses in terms of security. These points refer to places where students feel less safe, including the entrance of the school and the playground.
Studies on school atmosphere had its origin on the classical theories of organizations and its first major influence happened with the theory of human relationships. It is at the heart of this theory that emerges one of the first conceptualizations of organizational atmosphere by emphasizing a perceptual component in the explanation of the behaviour of the organization and of the importance given to the human side of school, in its psychological and social dimensions. With our study we wanted to get acquainted with the opinions not only of students but also of school management members - the Headmaster and the Chairman of Conselho Geral - about the atmosphere of their school, taking into account several dimensions: the school atmosphere in general and also the opinion of school management members on the organization and leadership at the school. To achieve the objectives it was carried out a case study, where the research was focused on a secondary school (students aged 10 to 20) in the county of Torres Novas. To conduct the study, we chose an approach associated with qualitative and quantitative paradigms, having made semi-structured interviews to representatives of the two major school management members- the Headmaster and the Chairman of Conselho Geral- and used a questionnaire to a representative sample of one hundred and forty-six students. Based on the opinions of the participants we identified the strengths as well as the weaknesses of the mentioned organization. Data analysis showed us that there is an overall positive perception of school atmosphere in almost all aspects studied. As for students they have referred to a positive image of teachers, a good relational atmosphere between teachers and students and among their peers, among teachers and an atmosphere of impartial justice. The results showed weaknesses in terms of security. These points refer to places where students feel less safe, including the entrance of the school and the playground.
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Orientação: Manuel Tavares
Palavras-chave
ORGANIZAÇÃO ESCOLAR, LIDERANÇA, CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL, MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCAÇÃO, ESCOLAS, MEIO ESCOLAR, SCHOOL ORGANIZATION, LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE, EDUCATION, SCHOOLS, SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT