Parvovirose canina : revisão bibliográfica e descrição de 4 casos clínicos
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2023
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Esta Dissertação de Mestrado foi realizada no âmbito da conclusão do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: reunir um conjunto de informação teórica sobre o parvovirus canino, a fim de compreender esta virémia, o seu tratamento, prognostico e prevenção. E descrever 4 casos clínicos de parvovirose observados pela autora ao longo de período de estágio para posteriormente correlacionar os mesmos com a literatura consultada para a revisão bibliográfica. O parvovírus é um dos agentes infeciosos que mais causa enterites virais caninas em todo o mundo. É um vírus altamente contagioso de transmissão oro-fecal. Esta enterite viral tem uma alta mortalidade por infetar cachorros com sistemas imunitários em desenvolvimento e pela sua progressão rápida. Os animais infetados apresentam sinais clínicos inespecíficos e similares aos de outras patologias, o que dificulta o diagnóstico da doença. O vómito é frequentemente o primeiro sinal clínico seguido de diarreia, anorexia, desidratação e letargia. Com a progressão da infeção as fezes passam a ser sanguinolentas o que leva à perda da barreira mucosa do intestino resultando na perda de eletrólitos, proteínas plasmáticas (em especial albumina) e sangue. Para o diagnostico são valorizados os testes mais rápidos e económicos de modo a começar a terapia o mais rapidamente possível. Devido a estes 2 critérios o teste mais utilizado numa abordagem inicial é o ELISA. Em relação aos parâmetros analíticos são mais frequentes a leucopenia, linfopenia e trombocitopenia. O tratamento consiste na terapia de suporte e sintomática e inclui: Antieméticos, nutrição entérica, antibioterapia, fluidoterapia, controlo da dor, transfusões de plasma e uma monitorização constante do animal. Os objetivos principais são: a reposição da volémia e do equilíbrio eletrolítico, controlo dos vómitos e diarreia, suporte nutricional e a prevenção de infeções secundárias. A vacinação é uma das formas mais eficazes de prevenção. São descritos nesta dissertação 4 casos clínicos de parvovirose observados pela autora no decorrer do estágio que permitiram a aplicação das várias vertentes da terapia de suporte e sintomática. Palavras-chave: Parvovirus, parvovirus caninos, enterite viral, terapia de suporte, casos clínicos.
This Master's Thesis was carried out in order to complete an Integrated Master's Degree in Veterinary Medicine. This work has as objectives: to gather a set of theoretical information about canine parvovirus, in order to understand this virus, its treatment, prognosis and prevention. And to describe 4 clinical cases of parvovirus observed by the author during the internship period in order to later correlate them with the literature consulted for the literature review. Parvovirus is one of the most common infectious agents causing canine viral enteritis worldwide. It is a highly contagious oro-fecally transmitted virus. This viral enteritis has a high mortality because it infects puppies with developing immune systems and because of its rapid progression. Infected animals present nonspecific clinical signs similar to those of other pathologies, which makes it difficult to diagnose the disease. Vomiting is often the first clinical sign, followed by diarrhea, anorexia, dehydration and lethargy. With the progression of the infection, the stools become bloody, which leads to the loss of the intestinal mucous barrier, resulting in the loss of electrolytes, plasma proteins (especially albumin), and blood. For diagnosis, the fastest and most economical tests are valued in order to start therapy as soon as possible. Because of these 2 criteria the most commonly used test for an initial approach is the ELISA. The most frequent analytical parameters are leukopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Treatment consists of supportive and symptomatic therapy and includes: Antiemetics, enteric nutrition, antibiotic therapy, fluid therapy, pain control, plasma transfusions and constant monitoring of the animal. The main objectives are: replacement of volume and electrolyte balance, control of vomiting and diarrhea, nutritional support and prevention of secondary infections. Vaccination is one of the most effective forms of prevention. This dissertation describes 4 clinical cases of parvovirus disease observed by the author during the internship that allowed the application of the various aspects of supportive and symptomatic therapy. Key words: Parvovirus, canine parvovirus, viral enteritis, supportive therapy, clinical cases
This Master's Thesis was carried out in order to complete an Integrated Master's Degree in Veterinary Medicine. This work has as objectives: to gather a set of theoretical information about canine parvovirus, in order to understand this virus, its treatment, prognosis and prevention. And to describe 4 clinical cases of parvovirus observed by the author during the internship period in order to later correlate them with the literature consulted for the literature review. Parvovirus is one of the most common infectious agents causing canine viral enteritis worldwide. It is a highly contagious oro-fecally transmitted virus. This viral enteritis has a high mortality because it infects puppies with developing immune systems and because of its rapid progression. Infected animals present nonspecific clinical signs similar to those of other pathologies, which makes it difficult to diagnose the disease. Vomiting is often the first clinical sign, followed by diarrhea, anorexia, dehydration and lethargy. With the progression of the infection, the stools become bloody, which leads to the loss of the intestinal mucous barrier, resulting in the loss of electrolytes, plasma proteins (especially albumin), and blood. For diagnosis, the fastest and most economical tests are valued in order to start therapy as soon as possible. Because of these 2 criteria the most commonly used test for an initial approach is the ELISA. The most frequent analytical parameters are leukopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Treatment consists of supportive and symptomatic therapy and includes: Antiemetics, enteric nutrition, antibiotic therapy, fluid therapy, pain control, plasma transfusions and constant monitoring of the animal. The main objectives are: replacement of volume and electrolyte balance, control of vomiting and diarrhea, nutritional support and prevention of secondary infections. Vaccination is one of the most effective forms of prevention. This dissertation describes 4 clinical cases of parvovirus disease observed by the author during the internship that allowed the application of the various aspects of supportive and symptomatic therapy. Key words: Parvovirus, canine parvovirus, viral enteritis, supportive therapy, clinical cases
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, DOGS, ENTERITIS, CASE REPORTS, CANINE PARVOVIRUSES, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, CÃES, ENTERITE, CASOS CLÍNICOS, PARVOVIROSE CANINA, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária