Caracterização reprodutiva de ovinos criados em sistema extensivo no concelho da Ponte de Sôr
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2021
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Para uma caracterização dos sistemas de produção de ovinos do concelho da Ponte de Sôr realizou-se um questionário composto por 26 questões, foi utilizado em 15 explorações escolhidas aleatoriamente que perfaz 3 por cada freguesia. As questões do questionário foram elaboradas para identificar o maneio reprodutivo da exploração, analisar a taxa de mortalidade, de refugo, de aborto e analisar indicadores produtivos e reprodutivos. O questionário foi distribuído em mão aos donos/gestores das explorações e os resultados foram presencialmente apontados. Todas as explorações forneceram as informações solicitadas. As 15 explorações corresponderam a um efetivo de 6094 animais que corresponde a 0,27% do rebanho nacional.
Em todas as explorações os animais são criados em regime extensivo permanecendo durante quase todo o ano no Montado, fazendo visitas pontuais ao ovil aquando da época de partos, na tosquia e nas vacinações. Estes rebanhos são formados por 42,5% das ovelhas com mais de 5 anos, 11.9% são borregas e os machos são 3.9%.
Após análise verificou-se que a taxa de aborto fixa-se nos 7,96%, e que a mortalidade nos borregos é de 7,5%, sendo a taxa de refugo de 9,5%.
No total das explorações os machos permanecem com as fêmeas por períodos diferentes que podem variar de 2 meses a 12 meses, em que 40% utilizam as tecnologias reprodutivas de sincronização de cios e 13.3% das explorações recorrem ao uso de exames andrológicos.
A inexistência de registos dificulta a perceção de qual o retorno financeiro que os exames andrológicos, ecografias para diagnóstico de gestação, sincronização de cios com tratamentos hormonais e profilaxia do rebanho, por exemplo, podem trazer às explorações. A introdução de um plano reprodutivo/produtivo, adequado e definido, para as necessidades de cada exploração, poderá reduzir grandemente a taxa de aborto e de mortalidade de borregos até ao desmame reduzindo uma grande perda económica.
To characterize the sheep production systems in the municipality of Ponte de Sôr, a 26-question questionnaire was used in 15 randomly chosen farms, totaling 3 for each parish. The questions in the questionnaire were designed to identify the reproductive management of the farm, analyze the rate of mortality, refuse, abortion and analyze productive and reproductive indicators. The questionnaire was distributed by hand to the owners/managers of the farms and the results were presented in person. All farms provided the requested information. The 15 farms corresponded to a herd of 6094 animals which corresponds to 0.27% of the national herd. On all farms, the animals are bred on an extensive basis, remaining almost all year round in the Montado, making occasional visits to the ovil during the calving season, at shearing and during vaccinations. These herds comprise 42.5% of the ewes over 5 years old, 11.9% are ewes and 3.9% males. After analysis, it was found that the abortion rate is set at 7.96%, and that the mortality rate in lambs is 7.5%, with a refuse rate of 9.5%. In the total of the farms, males remain with the females for different periods that can vary from 2 months to 12 months, in which 40% use reproductive technologies for estrus synchronization and 13.3% of farms resort to the use of andrological tests. The lack of records makes it difficult to perceive the financial return that andrological tests, ultrasounds for pregnancy diagnosis, synchronization of estrus with hormonal treatments and herd prophylaxis, for example, can bring to farms. The introduction of a reproductive/productive plan, adequate and defined, for the needs of each farm, can greatly reduce the rate of abortion and mortality of lambs until weaning, reducing a great economic loss.
To characterize the sheep production systems in the municipality of Ponte de Sôr, a 26-question questionnaire was used in 15 randomly chosen farms, totaling 3 for each parish. The questions in the questionnaire were designed to identify the reproductive management of the farm, analyze the rate of mortality, refuse, abortion and analyze productive and reproductive indicators. The questionnaire was distributed by hand to the owners/managers of the farms and the results were presented in person. All farms provided the requested information. The 15 farms corresponded to a herd of 6094 animals which corresponds to 0.27% of the national herd. On all farms, the animals are bred on an extensive basis, remaining almost all year round in the Montado, making occasional visits to the ovil during the calving season, at shearing and during vaccinations. These herds comprise 42.5% of the ewes over 5 years old, 11.9% are ewes and 3.9% males. After analysis, it was found that the abortion rate is set at 7.96%, and that the mortality rate in lambs is 7.5%, with a refuse rate of 9.5%. In the total of the farms, males remain with the females for different periods that can vary from 2 months to 12 months, in which 40% use reproductive technologies for estrus synchronization and 13.3% of farms resort to the use of andrological tests. The lack of records makes it difficult to perceive the financial return that andrological tests, ultrasounds for pregnancy diagnosis, synchronization of estrus with hormonal treatments and herd prophylaxis, for example, can bring to farms. The introduction of a reproductive/productive plan, adequate and defined, for the needs of each farm, can greatly reduce the rate of abortion and mortality of lambs until weaning, reducing a great economic loss.
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Orientação: Sofia Van Harten
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, OVELHAS, OVINOS, PECUÁRIA, TECNOLOGIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE, SHEEPS, LIVESTOCK FARMING, TECHNOLOGY, PONTE DE SÔR, PORTUGAL