Bairros economicamente desfavorecidos e violência : efeitos sobre a ação coletiva
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2024
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A pobreza e a desigualdade social frequentemente levam a um estatuto socioeconómico baixo em bairros economicamente desfavorecidos, onde comunidades enfrentam desafios significativos em termos de recursos, oportunidades e qualidade de vida. Esses bairros são caracterizados por altas taxas de criminalidade, gerando insegurança e acesso limitado à educação, entre outros desafios. Esta dissertação visa investigar como a identidade com o bairro pode prever a ação coletiva, mediada pelas emoções negativas e eficácia coletiva, e explorar o papel moderador do medo. A amostra é composta por 65 participantes entre os 18 e os 54 anos de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais, manipulando o estatuto socioeconómico (através do paradigma Dimboola) e a perceção da violência (com recurso ao IAPS), testando o modelo SIMCA – Social identity model of collective action. Deste modo, um dos grupos com SES baixo visualizou imagens neutras e o outro grupo visualizou imagens violentas. Através da análise do modelo SIMCA verificou-se que a identificação social tem um impacto significativo na perceção de injustiça (emoções negativas). O mesmo se verificou para a eficácia coletiva, ou seja, a identidade social tem um impacto significativo na eficácia coletiva, quanto maior a identificação social com o bairro (hipotético) de residência maior será a eficácia coletiva. No entanto não se verificaram outros efeitos significativos, direto (RES) nem indiretos (eficácia coletiva e perceção de risco). Uma interação significativa entre eficácia coletiva e perceção de risco na previsão da ação coletiva indicou que a eficácia coletiva prevê a ação coletiva apenas em indivíduos com baixa perceção de risco.
Poverty and social inequality often lead to a low socio-economic status in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods, where communities face significant challenges in terms of resources, opportunities, and quality of life. These neighborhoods are characterized by high crime rates, generating insecurity and limited access to education, among other challenges. This dissertation aims to investigate how neighborhood identity can predict collective action, mediated by negative emotions and collective efficacy, and explore the moderating role of fear. The sample consists of 65 participants aged between 18 and 54, randomly distributed into two experimental groups, manipulating socio-economic status (through the Dimboola paradigm) and the perception of violence (using the IAPS), testing the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA). Thus, one group with low SES viewed neutral images, while the other viewed violent images. Through the analysis of the SIMCA model, it was found that social identification has a significant impact on the perception of injustice (negative emotions). The same was true for collective efficacy—social identity has a significant impact on collective efficacy, with stronger identification with the (hypothetical) neighborhood leading to higher collective efficacy. However, no other significant direct (SES) or indirect (collective efficacy and perception of risk) effects were found. A significant interaction between collective efficacy and perception of risk in predicting collective action indicated that collective efficacy predicts collective action only in individuals with low perceived risk.
Poverty and social inequality often lead to a low socio-economic status in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods, where communities face significant challenges in terms of resources, opportunities, and quality of life. These neighborhoods are characterized by high crime rates, generating insecurity and limited access to education, among other challenges. This dissertation aims to investigate how neighborhood identity can predict collective action, mediated by negative emotions and collective efficacy, and explore the moderating role of fear. The sample consists of 65 participants aged between 18 and 54, randomly distributed into two experimental groups, manipulating socio-economic status (through the Dimboola paradigm) and the perception of violence (using the IAPS), testing the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA). Thus, one group with low SES viewed neutral images, while the other viewed violent images. Through the analysis of the SIMCA model, it was found that social identification has a significant impact on the perception of injustice (negative emotions). The same was true for collective efficacy—social identity has a significant impact on collective efficacy, with stronger identification with the (hypothetical) neighborhood leading to higher collective efficacy. However, no other significant direct (SES) or indirect (collective efficacy and perception of risk) effects were found. A significant interaction between collective efficacy and perception of risk in predicting collective action indicated that collective efficacy predicts collective action only in individuals with low perceived risk.
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PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL IDENTITY, FEAR, EMOTIONS, EFFICACY, MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL E DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES, PSICOLOGIA, PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL, IDENTIDADE SOCIAL, MEDO, EMOÇÕES, EFICÁCIA, Mestrado em Psicologia Social e das Organizações