Análise angular e simetria dos ângulos definidos pela apófise sacral e tuberosidade coxal em cavalos com claudicação dos membros posteriores
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2021
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Um dos principais motivos de consulta em medicina desportiva são as claudicações. As claudicações são frequentemente uma manifestação clínica de patologias músculo- esqueléticas sendo comuns em cavalos de desporto. Para avaliar um problema músculo- esquelético é realizado um exame locomotor. O médico veterinário começa por avaliar o movimento do equino e, pela observação direta, retira conclusões nomeadamente de que membro é que o cavalo claudica e qual o grau de claudicação que apresenta. Os procedimentos clínicos seguintes dependerão de cada caso individualmente.
Apesar da experiência comprovada dos médicos veterinários em diagnosticar por observação visual direta, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo conceptual compreender como pode uma análise baseada em metodologias quantitativas, no âmbito da Biomecânica Equina, contribuir para encontrar um exame complementar que suporte objetivamente as decisões clínicas.
O objetivo operacional do presente estudo foi a deteção de assimetrias em cavalos que apresentavam claudicação dos membros posteriores (n=11) confrontando os dados da respetiva cinemática com uma amostra de cavalos controlo (n=14), clinicamente saudáveis. A metodologia quantitativa associada à cinemática angular constitui o instrumento de medida das deslocações associadas à garupa. Os deslocamentos da garupa do lado direito tiveram como critério de medida o ângulo entre a horizontal e a linha formada entre a apófise sacral e a tuberosidade coxal direita e os deslocamentos da garupa do lado esquerdo tiveram como critério de medida o ângulo entre a horizontal e a linha formada entre a apófise sacral e a tuberosidade coxal esquerda.
Em conclusão podemos verificar que o método utilizado tem a capacidade de adquirir resultados para análise cinemática e adquirir resultados satisfatórios relativos à presença de assimetrias em cavalos que apresentavam claudicação dos membros posteriores. Conseguiu-se comprovar que os cavalos que apresentavam claudicação nos membros posteriores a trote, apresentavam um aumento na amplitude no membro em que claudicava. Já no passo os cavalos controlo e os cavalos em estudo tiveram resultados semelhantes de assimetrias. É necessário realizar mais estudos, relativamente à análise quantitativa dos membros posteriores, tentando deste modo encontrar metodologias que permitam diminuir possíveis erros na observação e avaliação subjetiva das claudicações.
One of the main reasons for consulting in sports medicine is lameness. Lameness is often a clinical manifestation of musculoskeletal disorders being common in sport horses. To assess a musculoskeletal problem, a locomotor exam is performed. The veterinarian begins by evaluating the movement of the horse and, by direct observation, draws conclusions, namely which limb the horse is lame and what degree of lameness it presents. The following clinical procedures will depend on each case individually. Despite the proven experience of veterinarians in diagnosing by direct visual observation, the present work has the conceptual objective to understand how an analysis based on quantitative methodologies, within the scope of Equine Biomechanics, can contribute to finding a complementary exam that objectively supports clinical decisions. The operational objective of the present study was the detection of asymmetries in horses that presented lameness of the hind limbs (n=11) comparing the respective kinematics data with a sample of clinically healthy control horses (n=14). The quantitative methodology associated with angular kinematics is the instrument for measuring the displacements associated with the croup. Displacements of the right croup had as measurement criterion the angle between the horizontal and the line formed between the sacral apophysis and the right coxal tuberosity and displacements of the left croup had as measurement criterion the angle between the horizontal and the line formed between the sacral apophysis and the left coxal tuberosity. In conclusion, we can verify that the method used has the ability to acquire results for kinematic analysis and to acquire satisfactory results related to the presence of asymmetries in horses that presented lameness of the hind limbs. It was possible to prove that the horses that presented lameness in the posterior limbs at trot, presented an increase in the amplitude in the limb in which it was lame. In the step, the control horses and the horses under study had similar results of asymmetries. It is necessary to carry out more studies regarding the quantitative analysis of the hind limbs, thus trying to find methodologies that allow to reduce possible errors in the observation and subjective assessment of lameness.
One of the main reasons for consulting in sports medicine is lameness. Lameness is often a clinical manifestation of musculoskeletal disorders being common in sport horses. To assess a musculoskeletal problem, a locomotor exam is performed. The veterinarian begins by evaluating the movement of the horse and, by direct observation, draws conclusions, namely which limb the horse is lame and what degree of lameness it presents. The following clinical procedures will depend on each case individually. Despite the proven experience of veterinarians in diagnosing by direct visual observation, the present work has the conceptual objective to understand how an analysis based on quantitative methodologies, within the scope of Equine Biomechanics, can contribute to finding a complementary exam that objectively supports clinical decisions. The operational objective of the present study was the detection of asymmetries in horses that presented lameness of the hind limbs (n=11) comparing the respective kinematics data with a sample of clinically healthy control horses (n=14). The quantitative methodology associated with angular kinematics is the instrument for measuring the displacements associated with the croup. Displacements of the right croup had as measurement criterion the angle between the horizontal and the line formed between the sacral apophysis and the right coxal tuberosity and displacements of the left croup had as measurement criterion the angle between the horizontal and the line formed between the sacral apophysis and the left coxal tuberosity. In conclusion, we can verify that the method used has the ability to acquire results for kinematic analysis and to acquire satisfactory results related to the presence of asymmetries in horses that presented lameness of the hind limbs. It was possible to prove that the horses that presented lameness in the posterior limbs at trot, presented an increase in the amplitude in the limb in which it was lame. In the step, the control horses and the horses under study had similar results of asymmetries. It is necessary to carry out more studies regarding the quantitative analysis of the hind limbs, thus trying to find methodologies that allow to reduce possible errors in the observation and subjective assessment of lameness.
Descrição
Orientação: Joa~o M. C. S. Abrantes ; coorientação: José Prazeres
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, EQUÍDEOS, CAVALOS, CLAUDICAÇÃO, CINEMÁTICA, BIOMECÂNICA ANIMAL, VETERINARY MEDICINE, EQUIDS, HORSES, LAMENESS, KINEMATICS, ANIMAL BIOMECHANICS, DESLOCAMENTO DA GARUPA, MEMBROS POSTERIORES, HIP DISPLACEMENT, HINDLIMB