Prevalência de parasitas gastrointestinais em galináceos e anatídeos de jardins públicos no distrito de Lisboa
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2023
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As aves são uma parte essencial de qualquer ecossistema, sendo mantidas como animais de estimação e estando presentes também em parques zoológicos, quintas pedagógicas e jardins públicos em todo o mundo. As infeções parasitárias estão entre os problemas mais comuns em aves domésticas. As que vivem ao ar livre são mais predispostas a ficarem infetadas por parasitas gastrointestinais, como protozoários, nematodes, cestodes e trematodes. O presente estudo teve como principais objetivos identificar e determinar a prevalência de parasitas gastrointestinais em aves pertencentes à classe dos galináceos e família dos anatídeos, que habitam jardins públicos no distrito de Lisboa; identificar quais os grupos de parasitas gastrointestinais mais comuns nessas aves, através da utilização de duas técnicas coprológicas qualitativas e comparar resultados com registos nacionais e internacionais. Foram analisadas 60 amostras de fezes, que foram recolhidas entre novembro de 2022 e janeiro de 2023 em dois jardins públicos no distrito de Lisboa. Na totalidade de amostras foi observada uma prevalência parasitária de 68,33%. Observou-se maior prevalência de nematodes, seguida de protozoários, não tendo sido identificados cestodes nem trematodes. Os parasitas identificados foram Eimeria spp., Capillaria spp., Ascaridia spp., tricostrongilídeos, Heterakis spp. e Tetrameres spp. O ovo de Tetrameres spp. foi identificado em fezes de um peru (Meleagris gallopavo), sendo este o primeiro registo deste parasita nesta espécie de ave em Portugal. A técnica de flutuação com centrifugação apresentou maior número de amostras positivas do que a técnica de sedimentação. Oocistos de Eimeria spp. e ovos de Capillaria spp. foram as estruturas parasitárias mais comuns em ambos os métodos coprológicos. Os galináceos apresentaram maior número de amostras positivas comparativamente aos anatídeos e em ambos os grupos observou-se maior prevalência de multiparasitismo em relação ao monoparasitismo. Palavras-chave: aves, jardins públicos, parasitas gastrointestinais, galináceos, anatídeos
Birds are an essential part of any ecosystem, being kept as pets and also present in zoological parks, pedagogical farms and public gardens all over the world. Parasitic infections are among the most common problems in poultry. Birds that live outdoors are more predisposed to be infected by gastrointestinal parasites such as protozoa, nematodes, cestodes and trematodes. The main objectives of the present study were to identify and determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in birds belonging to the gallinaceous class and the anatidae family, which inhabit public gardens in the district of Lisbon; identify which groups of gastrointestinal parasites are most common in these same birds, using two qualitative coprological techniques and compare results with national and international records. A total of 60 samples of bird feces were collected over a three-month period, between November 2022 and January 2023, in two public gardens in the district of Lisbon. According to the results of this study the intestinal parasitic prevalence was 68.33%. The higher prevalence observed was nematodes, followed by protozoa; no cestodes or trematodes were identified. The identified parasites belonged to six genus, such as Eimeria spp., Capillaria spp., Ascaridia spp., Tricostrongylids, Heterakis spp. and Tetrameres spp. The egg of Tetrameres spp. was observed in the feces of a turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). This parasite is not described in this species of bird in Portugal. The flotation with centrifugation technique showed a higher prevalence of positive samples than the sedimentation technique. Oocysts of Eimeria spp. and eggs of Capillaria spp. were the most common parasitic structures in both coprological methods. Gallinaceous birds had a higher number of positive samples compared to anatids and in both groups of birds there was a higher prevalence of multiparasitism compared to monoparasitism. Keywords: birds, public gardens, gastrointestinal parasites, gallinaceous birds, anatids
Birds are an essential part of any ecosystem, being kept as pets and also present in zoological parks, pedagogical farms and public gardens all over the world. Parasitic infections are among the most common problems in poultry. Birds that live outdoors are more predisposed to be infected by gastrointestinal parasites such as protozoa, nematodes, cestodes and trematodes. The main objectives of the present study were to identify and determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in birds belonging to the gallinaceous class and the anatidae family, which inhabit public gardens in the district of Lisbon; identify which groups of gastrointestinal parasites are most common in these same birds, using two qualitative coprological techniques and compare results with national and international records. A total of 60 samples of bird feces were collected over a three-month period, between November 2022 and January 2023, in two public gardens in the district of Lisbon. According to the results of this study the intestinal parasitic prevalence was 68.33%. The higher prevalence observed was nematodes, followed by protozoa; no cestodes or trematodes were identified. The identified parasites belonged to six genus, such as Eimeria spp., Capillaria spp., Ascaridia spp., Tricostrongylids, Heterakis spp. and Tetrameres spp. The egg of Tetrameres spp. was observed in the feces of a turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). This parasite is not described in this species of bird in Portugal. The flotation with centrifugation technique showed a higher prevalence of positive samples than the sedimentation technique. Oocysts of Eimeria spp. and eggs of Capillaria spp. were the most common parasitic structures in both coprological methods. Gallinaceous birds had a higher number of positive samples compared to anatids and in both groups of birds there was a higher prevalence of multiparasitism compared to monoparasitism. Keywords: birds, public gardens, gastrointestinal parasites, gallinaceous birds, anatids
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, BIRDS, GARDENS, PUBLIC SPACE, VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY, VETERINARY GASTROENTEROLOGY, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, AVES, JARDINS, ESPAÇO PÚBLICO, PARASITOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, GASTROENTEROLOGIA VETERINARIA, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária