Discriminação e experiência de desigualdade social: impacto na saúde mental
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2019
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O presente estudo pretende compreender o impacto das experiências de desigualdade
social e discriminação, conceptualizando-as como formas de violência estrutural e
institucional, privilegiando uma avaliação da experiência subjectiva de desigualdade. O
impacto será analisado ao nível do funcionamento psicológico, incluindo medidas de bemestar
subjectivo, ansiedade, depressão e vergonha interna. Os participantes têm mais de 18
anos e são de ambos os sexos. Como instrumentos foram usados: o Instrumento de Desigualdade
Percebida (IDP, Antunes, Ferreira, Moreira, Moreira, Pasion, & Cabral, 2016),
Inventário de Experiências de Discriminação (IED, Antunes, Ferreira, & Cabral, 2016),
Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos (BSI, Canavarro, 1999), Escala de Vergonha Interna
(ISS; Cook, 1996; Versão Portuguesa, Matos & Pinto-Gouveia, 2006), Escala de Valores
Humanos (Schwartz, 2003), Escala de Incerteza Psicossocial (Casanova, Pacheco &
Coimbra, 2010) e Escala de Bem-estar Psicológico (Ryff, 1989; Versão Experimental Reduzida,
Novo, Silva & Peralta, 2004). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a desigualdade
pessoal e a discriminação estão associadas a baixos níveis de bem-estar e a elevados
níveis de depressão e vergonha interna. Mais se acrescenta, que a desigualdade não está
associada com a ansiedade embora esteja associada com a discriminação. Referente à segunda
hipótese do estudo, as análises indicaram que a desigualdade tem um impacto negativo
no bem-estar e esta relação é mediada pela vergonha. A desigualdade não é preditora
da depressão nem da ansiedade, as variáveis só se relacionam com a presença da vergonha
interna. Por fim, a discriminação é preditora de níveis elevados de ansiedade e depressão e
de baixos níveis de bem-estar, sendo este efeito mediado pela vergonha.
This study aims to understand the impact of experiences of social inequality and discrimination, conceptualizing them as forms of structural and institutional violence, favoring an evaluation of the subjective experience of inequality. The impact will be analyzed at the level of psychological functioning, including measures of subjective well-being, anxiety, depression and internal shame. Participants are over 18 years old and are of both sexes. The following instruments were used: the Perceived Inequality Instrument (IDP, Antunes, Ferreira, Moreira, Moreira, Pasion, & Cabral, 2016), Discrimination Experiences Inventory (IED, Antunes, Ferreira, & Cabral, 2016), Symptom Inventory Psychopathological (BSI, Canavarro, 1999), Internal Shame Scale (ISS; Cook, 1996; Portuguese Version, Matos & Pinto-Gouveia, 2006), Human Values Scale (Schwartz, 2003), Psychosocial Uncertainty Scale (Casanova, Pacheco & Coimbra, 2010) and Psychological Welfare Scale (Ryff, 1989; Reduced Experimental Version, Novo, Silva & Peralta, 2004). The results show that personal inequality and discrimination are associated with low levels of wellbeing and high levels of depression and internal shame. Moreover, inequality is not associated with anxiety although it is associated with discrimination. Referring to the study's second hypothesis, analysis indicates that inequality has a negative impact on well-being and this relationship is mediated by shame. Inequality is not a predictor of depression or anxiety, the variables only relate to the presence of internal shame. Finally, discrimination is a predictor of high levels of anxiety and depression and low levels of well-being, and this effect is mediated by shame.
This study aims to understand the impact of experiences of social inequality and discrimination, conceptualizing them as forms of structural and institutional violence, favoring an evaluation of the subjective experience of inequality. The impact will be analyzed at the level of psychological functioning, including measures of subjective well-being, anxiety, depression and internal shame. Participants are over 18 years old and are of both sexes. The following instruments were used: the Perceived Inequality Instrument (IDP, Antunes, Ferreira, Moreira, Moreira, Pasion, & Cabral, 2016), Discrimination Experiences Inventory (IED, Antunes, Ferreira, & Cabral, 2016), Symptom Inventory Psychopathological (BSI, Canavarro, 1999), Internal Shame Scale (ISS; Cook, 1996; Portuguese Version, Matos & Pinto-Gouveia, 2006), Human Values Scale (Schwartz, 2003), Psychosocial Uncertainty Scale (Casanova, Pacheco & Coimbra, 2010) and Psychological Welfare Scale (Ryff, 1989; Reduced Experimental Version, Novo, Silva & Peralta, 2004). The results show that personal inequality and discrimination are associated with low levels of wellbeing and high levels of depression and internal shame. Moreover, inequality is not associated with anxiety although it is associated with discrimination. Referring to the study's second hypothesis, analysis indicates that inequality has a negative impact on well-being and this relationship is mediated by shame. Inequality is not a predictor of depression or anxiety, the variables only relate to the presence of internal shame. Finally, discrimination is a predictor of high levels of anxiety and depression and low levels of well-being, and this effect is mediated by shame.
Descrição
Orientação: Joana Maria Barreto Ramos de Almeida Cabral
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, SAÚDE MENTAL, BEM-ESTAR SUBJETIVO, VIOLÊNCIA, DESIGUALDADES SOCIAIS, DISCRIMINAÇÃO SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGY, MENTAL HEALTH, SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING, VIOLENCE, SOCIAL INEQUALITIES, SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION