Estudo da relação entre o diagnóstico clínico e radiográfico de doença dentária no gato
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2018
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As doenças estomatológico-dentárias têm uma elevada prevalência em animais de companhia e, em particular, no gato. O diagnóstico e caracterização clínica de determinado tipo de alterações dentárias constitui um desafio para o Médico Veterinário.
O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo avaliar a importância e sensibilidade do uso de radiografias intraorais em comparação ao exame clinico dentário para se chegar ao diagnóstico definitivo das doenças dentárias do gato.
A série estudada foi constituída por 95 gatos atendidos na Odontovet - Centro Odontológico Veterinário (São Paulo, Brasil), tendo sido analisado um total de 1520 peças dentárias. Com base em odontogramas e em fotografias da cavidade oral, foram registadas as seguintes alterações clínicas: doença periodontal, índice de cálculo dentário, hiperplasia e retração gengival, fraturas dentárias, lesão de reabsorção dentária, ausência e malformações dentárias e expansão óssea alveolar. Adicionalmente, com recurso às radiografias intraorais de todas as arcadas dentárias, registou-se o estadio da doença periodontal, o estadio e tipo radiográfico das lesões de reabsorção dentária (LRD), os tipos de fraturas dentárias, o grau de expansão óssea alveolar, existência de ausência dentária, de impactação dentária, de malformações dentárias e de lesões periapicais.
A doença mais frequente na amostra estudada foi a doença periodontal, observada clinicamente na maioria dos gatos (72,6%), mas com confirmação radiológica numa frequência superior (92,6%). A lesão de reabsorção dentária foi a segunda doença mais prevalente, diagnosticada clinicamente em quase metade da série (48,4%). Em 30,5% dos animais com LRD, foi necessária a avaliação radiológica para identificação da doença. Com recurso à radiologia intraoral, a frequência de animais com LRD foi superior (76,8%).
O estudo desta série permitiu também observar que mais de metade dos gatos (51,6%) não apresentavam a dentição completa, tendo a ausência dos segundos pré-molares maxilares de ambas as arcadas, sido frequente. A presença de expansão óssea alveolar nos caninos maxilares observada em quase metade da população (49,4%).
Os dados obtidos confirmam e reforçam a importância da realização de um exame radiográfico intraoral completo e metódico no diagnóstico e classificação das doenças dentárias em gatos, contribuindo também para o conhecimento da patologia dentária nesta espécie.
Oral and dental conditions are highly prevalent in companion animals, particularly, in cats. The diagnosis and clinical characterization of certain dental alterations is a challenge for the practitioners. The present study aimed to evaluate the importance and sensitivity of the use of intraoral radiographs in comparison to dental clinical examination in order to obtain a definitive diagnosis of feline dental diseases. The studied population comprised of 95 cats attended at ODONTOVET- Veterinary Dental Center (São Paulo, Brazil), in which a total of 1520 teeth were analyzed. Based on dental charts and photographs of the oral cavity, the following parameters clinically observed were recorded: periodontal disease, dental calculus index, gingival hyperplasia and recession, dental fractures, tooth resorption, dental absence, dental malformations and alveolar bone expansion. Additionally, the periodontal disease stage, stage and radiographic type of the tooth resorption, types of tooth fractures, degree of alveolar bone expansion and the presence of tooth absence or impaction, dental malformations and periapical lesions were registered based on the analysis of intraoral radiographs of all teeth. The disease with the highest prevalence was periodontal disease, clinically with 72,6% of affected cats and radiological confirmation in a higher total (92.6%). The tooth resorption was the second most prevalent disease, 48.4% of the affected animals and 30.5% in which there was no identifiable lesion with clinical diagnosis alone, as equally to periodontal disease with using to intraoral radiology, total of animals was higher (76.8%). The study of this series allowed to observe that more than half of the cats population (51,6%) didn’t had full dentition, being very frequently the absence of the 2nd maxillary premolars of both arches. Almost half of the population had the presence of alveolar bone expansion in maxillary canines (49,4%). This study has an interest in the practice of Veterinary Dentistry because it contributed to the knowledge of feline dental pathology and allowed us to investigate the importance of intraoral radiographic evaluation in the diagnosis and study of these diseases.
Oral and dental conditions are highly prevalent in companion animals, particularly, in cats. The diagnosis and clinical characterization of certain dental alterations is a challenge for the practitioners. The present study aimed to evaluate the importance and sensitivity of the use of intraoral radiographs in comparison to dental clinical examination in order to obtain a definitive diagnosis of feline dental diseases. The studied population comprised of 95 cats attended at ODONTOVET- Veterinary Dental Center (São Paulo, Brazil), in which a total of 1520 teeth were analyzed. Based on dental charts and photographs of the oral cavity, the following parameters clinically observed were recorded: periodontal disease, dental calculus index, gingival hyperplasia and recession, dental fractures, tooth resorption, dental absence, dental malformations and alveolar bone expansion. Additionally, the periodontal disease stage, stage and radiographic type of the tooth resorption, types of tooth fractures, degree of alveolar bone expansion and the presence of tooth absence or impaction, dental malformations and periapical lesions were registered based on the analysis of intraoral radiographs of all teeth. The disease with the highest prevalence was periodontal disease, clinically with 72,6% of affected cats and radiological confirmation in a higher total (92.6%). The tooth resorption was the second most prevalent disease, 48.4% of the affected animals and 30.5% in which there was no identifiable lesion with clinical diagnosis alone, as equally to periodontal disease with using to intraoral radiology, total of animals was higher (76.8%). The study of this series allowed to observe that more than half of the cats population (51,6%) didn’t had full dentition, being very frequently the absence of the 2nd maxillary premolars of both arches. Almost half of the population had the presence of alveolar bone expansion in maxillary canines (49,4%). This study has an interest in the practice of Veterinary Dentistry because it contributed to the knowledge of feline dental pathology and allowed us to investigate the importance of intraoral radiographic evaluation in the diagnosis and study of these diseases.
Descrição
Orientação: Joana Tavares de Oliveira, João Filipe Requicha, Michèle Venturini
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, FELÍDEOS, GATOS, DENTES, DOENÇAS, RADIOGRAFIA, EXAMES CLÍNICOS, VETERINARY MEDICINE, FELIDS, CATS, TEETH, DISEASES, X-RAYS, CLINICAL EXAMINATION