Doença mental e violência intrafamiliar : fatores de risco e de proteção
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2022
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Verificam-se na literatura perspetivas díspares relativamente à dinâmica dos indivíduos com
doença mental no contexto familiar, em termos de papéis de vítima e/ou agressor/a, perceção
de agressividade e fatores de risco e de proteção. Para conhecer esta realidade, desenvolveu se uma investigação com o objetivo de identificar, nos indivíduos com diagnóstico de doença
mental, papéis de vítima e/ou agressor no contexto intrafamiliar, conhecer a perceção da
agressividade destes indivíduos e conhecer os fatores de risco e proteção que estes
indivíduos, com e sem integração em resposta social, identificam. A amostra foi constituída
por vinte e seis indivíduos com diagnóstico de doença mental, oito com esquizofrenia, nove
com perturbação de humor e nove com doença bipolar, com uma média de idade de 54,8
anos, dos quais doze são mulheres e catorze homens, dez encontram-se integrados em
contexto institucional. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicado o
questionário de agressividade de Buss e Perry, com base em dimensões alinhadas aos
objetivos da investigação e tendo em consideração todas as dimensões éticas. A recolha dos
dados foi realizada através da plataforma ZOOM, contacto telefónico e presencialmente.
Como resultados, relativamente à perceção de papéis de vítima e/ou agressor, verificou-se
que 61,5% dos indivíduos que constituem a amostra vivenciaram episódios de violência
intrafamiliar, destes onze como vítimas (42%), dois como agressoras (7,69%) e três como
vítimas-agressoras (11,53%). A maior prevalência de vítimas e agressoras identifica-se na
perturbação de humor e em pessoas que não se encontram integradas em resposta social.
No que respeita à perceção de agressividade, o valor médio de agressividade reportada pelos
26 indivíduos foi 76,23 (mulheres, 79 e homens, 73,8) o que demonstra valores dentro dos
valores normativos para a população portuguesa. No que concerne aos fatores de proteção
individuais, verifica-se prevalência de toma de psicofármacos (n=19), proatividade (n=19) e
capacidades cognitivas (n=17), considera-se o isolamento social (n=15) e a situação
socioeconómica vulnerável (n=14) como fatores de risco individuais. Quanto a fatores
protetores familiares, prevalecem a existência de família alargada (n=15) e a existência de
suporte familiar (n=11), paralelamente, a desestruturação familiar (n=18), os conflitos
familiares (n=14) e a existência de violência física contra o próprio (n=11) revelam-se como
fatores de risco a nível familiar. Em contexto comunitário, prevalecem os fatores de risco, tais
como, a ausência de rede de suporte social (n=24), de locais de referência na comunidade
(n=13) e de grupos formais de pares (n=10). A nível institucional, identificaram como fatores
protetores a existência de técnicos gestores (n=26), frequência em resposta social (n=12) e
permanência em resposta social (n=10), como fatores de risco, 15 pessoas identificaram
ausência de projeto. Assim, conclui-se que indivíduos com doenças mentais mais do que
perpetradores tendem a ser vítimas de violência.
In the literature, different perspectives are verified regarding the dynamics of individuals with mental illness in the family context, in terms of victim and/or aggressor roles, perception of aggressiveness and risk and protective factors. To know this reality, an investigation was developed with the objective of identifying, in individuals diagnosed with mental illness, roles of victim and/or aggressor in the intrafamily context, to know the perception of the aggressiveness of these individuals and to know the risk and protection factors that these individuals, with and without integration in social response, identify. The sample consisted of twenty-six individuals diagnosed with mental illness, eight with schizophrenia, nine with mood disorder and nine with bipolar disease, with an average age of 54.8 years, of which twelve are women and fourteen men, ten are integrated in an institutional context. Semistructured interviews were conducted and the Buss & Perry aggressiveness questionnaire was applied, based on dimensions aligned with the objectives of the investigation and taking into account all ethical dimensions. Data collection was carried out through the ZOOM platform, telephone contact and face-to-face. As a result, regarding the perception of roles of victim and/or aggressor, it was found that 61.5% of the individuals who constitute the sample experienced episodes of intrafamily violence, of these eleven as victims (42%), two as aggressors (7.69%) and three as aggressors (11.53%). The higher prevalence of victims and aggressors is identified in mood disorders and in people who are not integrated in social response. Regarding the perception of aggressiveness, the mean value of aggressiveness reported by the 26 individuals was 76.23 (women, 79 and men, 73.8), which demonstrates values within the normative values for the Portuguese population. Regarding individual protective factors, there is a prevalence of psychotropic drugs (n=19), proactivity (n=19) and cognitive abilities (n=17), and social isolation (n=15) and vulnerable socioeconomic situation (n=14) are considered as individual risk factors. Regarding family protective factors, the existence of an extended family (n=15) and the existence of family support (n=11), in parallel, dysfunctional family (n=18), family conflicts (n=14) and the existence of physical violence against oneself (n=11) are revealed as risk factors at the family level. In the community context, risk factors prevail, such as the absence of a social support network (n=24), places of reference in the community (n=13) and formal peer groups (n=10). At the institutional level, they identified as protective factors the existence of technical managers (n=26), frequency in social response (n=12) and permanence in social response (n=10), as risk factors, 15 people identified absence of project. Thus, it is concluded that mentally ill individuals more than perpetrators tend to be victims of violence.
In the literature, different perspectives are verified regarding the dynamics of individuals with mental illness in the family context, in terms of victim and/or aggressor roles, perception of aggressiveness and risk and protective factors. To know this reality, an investigation was developed with the objective of identifying, in individuals diagnosed with mental illness, roles of victim and/or aggressor in the intrafamily context, to know the perception of the aggressiveness of these individuals and to know the risk and protection factors that these individuals, with and without integration in social response, identify. The sample consisted of twenty-six individuals diagnosed with mental illness, eight with schizophrenia, nine with mood disorder and nine with bipolar disease, with an average age of 54.8 years, of which twelve are women and fourteen men, ten are integrated in an institutional context. Semistructured interviews were conducted and the Buss & Perry aggressiveness questionnaire was applied, based on dimensions aligned with the objectives of the investigation and taking into account all ethical dimensions. Data collection was carried out through the ZOOM platform, telephone contact and face-to-face. As a result, regarding the perception of roles of victim and/or aggressor, it was found that 61.5% of the individuals who constitute the sample experienced episodes of intrafamily violence, of these eleven as victims (42%), two as aggressors (7.69%) and three as aggressors (11.53%). The higher prevalence of victims and aggressors is identified in mood disorders and in people who are not integrated in social response. Regarding the perception of aggressiveness, the mean value of aggressiveness reported by the 26 individuals was 76.23 (women, 79 and men, 73.8), which demonstrates values within the normative values for the Portuguese population. Regarding individual protective factors, there is a prevalence of psychotropic drugs (n=19), proactivity (n=19) and cognitive abilities (n=17), and social isolation (n=15) and vulnerable socioeconomic situation (n=14) are considered as individual risk factors. Regarding family protective factors, the existence of an extended family (n=15) and the existence of family support (n=11), in parallel, dysfunctional family (n=18), family conflicts (n=14) and the existence of physical violence against oneself (n=11) are revealed as risk factors at the family level. In the community context, risk factors prevail, such as the absence of a social support network (n=24), places of reference in the community (n=13) and formal peer groups (n=10). At the institutional level, they identified as protective factors the existence of technical managers (n=26), frequency in social response (n=12) and permanence in social response (n=10), as risk factors, 15 people identified absence of project. Thus, it is concluded that mentally ill individuals more than perpetrators tend to be victims of violence.
Descrição
Orientação: Fátima Gameiro
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM RISCOS E VIOLÊNCIA(S) NAS SOCIEDADES ATUAIS: ANÁLISE E INTERVENÇÃO SOCIAL, SERVIÇO SOCIAL, DOENÇAS MENTAIS, VIOLÊNCIA FAMILIAR, AGRESSÃO, AGRESSIVIDADE, FATORES DE RISCO, SOCIAL WORK, MENTAL ILLNESSES, FAMILY VIOLENCE, AGRESSION, AGGRESSIVENESS, RISK FACTORS