Estudo ecográfico em glândulas adrenais aumentadas
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Data
2013
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Resumo
A ecografia abdominal tem inúmeras vantagens na observação das glândulas adrenais, especialmente em animais geriátricos. Em muitos animais, as adrenais são
ecograficamente detetadas apenas quando aumentadas. Alguns tipos de aumento têm
significado patológico, podendo estar ou não associado a distúrbios endócrinos, o que
reforça a importância da sua observação aquando do exame ecográfico.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos, descrever os achados ecográficos de glândulas adrenais aumentadas, relacionar as suas características com os factores
epidemiológicos da amostra e compreender se achados ecográficos adrenais têm, ou não,relevância clínica.
O estudo desenvolvido compreendeu a análise retrospetiva 25 casos clínicos de
dois Hospitais Veterinários da região de Lisboa – Hospital Veterinário das Laranjeiras e
Hospital Veterinário de Lisboa – diagnosticados entre 2007 e 2012. Foram selecionados
animais nos quais, pelo menos, uma das glândulas adrenais se apresentava aumentada, ou
seja, com diâmetro transversal máximo acima de 7,4mm.
Constatou-se que a generalidade dos cães deste estudo eram geriátricos, sem raça determinada e do sexo feminino. A maioria das adrenais estudadas não apresentou sinais de calcificação, nem metastização. O hiperadrenocorticismo foi diagnosticado em sete dos cães em estudo nos quais, quatro eram de origem hipofisária, com hiperplasia adrenal bilateral e três tumores adrenais. A maioria das alterações foram achados ecográficos ou
“incidentalomas”, compatíveis com alterações benignas não funcionais, sem relevância clínica.
The abdominal sonography has several advantages in the observation of the adrenal glands, especially in geriatric animals. In most animals, the adrenal glands are only detected in the ultrasound exam when they are swollen or grown. A few kinds of growths have a pathological meaning, being or not associated with endocrinal disorders; such fact reinforces the relevance of their observation during the exam. This paper aims to describe the sonographic findings of increased adrenal glands, relate their characteristics with epidemiological factors within the sample, and understand whether such findings have or do not have clinical relevance. The study consists of the retrospective analysis of 25 clinical cases diagnosed from 2007 until 2012 in two veterinarian hospitals in Lisbon – Hospital Veterinário das Laranjeiras and Hospital Veterinário de Lisboa. The animals in this study had at least one of the adrenal glands in a grown state, whose maximum transversal diameter was over 7,4mm. Most of the dogs in this study were geriatric female mongrels. Most of the adrenal glands investigated did not show any evidence of calcification or metastasization. Hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed in seven dogs, from which four had a hypothysial origin with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, and three had adrenal tumors. Most of the alterations were incidental findings or “incidentalomas”, which are compatible with non-functional benign alterations without any clinical relevance.
The abdominal sonography has several advantages in the observation of the adrenal glands, especially in geriatric animals. In most animals, the adrenal glands are only detected in the ultrasound exam when they are swollen or grown. A few kinds of growths have a pathological meaning, being or not associated with endocrinal disorders; such fact reinforces the relevance of their observation during the exam. This paper aims to describe the sonographic findings of increased adrenal glands, relate their characteristics with epidemiological factors within the sample, and understand whether such findings have or do not have clinical relevance. The study consists of the retrospective analysis of 25 clinical cases diagnosed from 2007 until 2012 in two veterinarian hospitals in Lisbon – Hospital Veterinário das Laranjeiras and Hospital Veterinário de Lisboa. The animals in this study had at least one of the adrenal glands in a grown state, whose maximum transversal diameter was over 7,4mm. Most of the dogs in this study were geriatric female mongrels. Most of the adrenal glands investigated did not show any evidence of calcification or metastasization. Hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed in seven dogs, from which four had a hypothysial origin with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, and three had adrenal tumors. Most of the alterations were incidental findings or “incidentalomas”, which are compatible with non-functional benign alterations without any clinical relevance.
Descrição
Orientação : Margarida Alves ; co-orientação : Pedro Morais de Almeida ; responsabilidade externa : Luís Cruz
Palavras-chave
VETERINÁRIA, CANÍDEOS, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, CANIDS, CÃES, DOGS, ECOGRAFIAS, ULTRASOUND SCANS, GLÂNDULAS SUPRARRENAIS, ADRENAL GLANDS, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE