Análise dos efeitos da substituição parcial e total de bagaço e óleo de soja por farinha de larva da mosca soldado negro (Hermetia illucens) na alimentação de suínos
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Data
2021
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O aumento da população mundial vai implicar um aumento da necessidade de
produção alimentar. A FAO prevê que entre 2012 e 2050 a indústria da pecuária cresça
35% a 50%. A suinicultura é um dos setores com maior relevância da agropecuária e
consequentemente responsável por um importante impacto ambiental. A alimentação dos
animais é responsável por grande parte desse impacto e coloca uma forte pressão sobre
recursos já limitados, especialmente a componente proteica das rações, sendo urgente a
procura de fontes nutricionais alternativas. A utilização de insetos no setor alimentar pode
ser uma das alternativas promissoras para tornar o setor da pecuária mais competitivo e
sustentável. Sendo a BSF uma das principais apostas torna-se, assim essencial, avaliar se
a introdução desta nova fonte nutricional impacta negativamente na saúde e no bem-estar
dos animais e dos consumidores.
Com esta dissertação pretendeu-se avaliar de que forma a incorporação parcial e
total de farinha de larva de mosca soldado negro (Hermetia illucens) em substituição de
bagaço e óleo de soja na alimentação de suínos em fase de acabamento, afeta as
características histológicas dos órgãos e tecidos. Foi realizado um estudo com 12 suínos
Landrace*Large White*Duroc machos não castrados de peso vivo médio inicial de 62 ±
3.6 kg. Foram estudadas três rações com crescente incorporação de farinha de larva da
mosca soldado negro em substituição de bagaço e óleo de soja: BSF0 (controlo); BSF50
(50% de substituição) e BSF100 (100% de substituição) formuladas para serem
isoenergéticas e isoproteicas (15% PB). O ensaio teve uma duração de 35 dias. Os animais
foram insensibilizados com uma descarga elétrica, na cabeça e tórax e de seguida
sangrados, com um peso vivo final de 100 ± 6.6 kg.
Após fixação, os diferentes tecidos foram corados com a coloração de rotina HE,
avaliaram-se histologicamente e através de um sistema de pontuações classificaram-se as
alterações e grau de inflamação. Realizou-se ainda o estudo morfométrico das gorduras
retroperitoneal, mesentérica e pericárdica.
Não foram encontradas alterações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados
concluindo-se que os diferentes níveis de inclusão de farinha de larva BSF utilizados
neste estudo não apresentam um impacto negativo na saúde dos suínos, podendo o recurso
a esta nova fonte proteica ser uma opção do ponto de vista de saúde dos animais.
Palavras chave: Hermetia illucens, Histopatologia, Morfometria, Suínos de engorda
The increasing world population will lead to an increase in the need for food production. FAO predicts that between 2012 and 2050 the livestock industry will grow 35% to 50%. Pig farming is one of the most relevant sectors of agriculture and consequently responsible for an important environmental impact. The feeding of animals is responsible for a large part of this impact and puts a strong pressure on already limited resources, especially the protein component of the feed and the search for alternative nutritional sources is urgent. The use of insects in the food sector can be one of the promising alternatives to make the livestock sector more competitive and sustainable. As BSF is one of the main bets, it is therefore essential to assess whether the introduction of this new nutritional source has a negative impact on the health and well-being of animals and consumers. With this dissertation it was intended to evaluate how the partial and total incorporation of black soldier fly meal (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) in substitution of soybean meal and soybean oil in the feeding of pigs in the finishing phase, affects the histological characteristics of the organs and tissues. A study was carried out with 12 Landrace * Large White * Duroc male pigs with an initial mean live weight of 62 ± 3.6 kg. Three diets were studied with increasing incorporation of BSF meal to replace soybean meal and soybean oil: BSF0 (control); BSF50 (50% replacement) and BSF100 (100% replacement) formulated to be isoenergetic and isoprotein (15% CP). The trial lasted 35 days. The animals were stunned with an electric shock, on the head and chest and then bled, with a final live weight of 100 ± 6.6 kg. After fixation, the different tissues were processed for routine HE staining, evaluated histologically and through a scoring system, the changes and degree of inflammation were classified. Morphometric study of retroperitoneal, mesenteric and pericardial fats was also performed. No statistically significant differences were observed in the parameters studied, concluding that the different levels of inclusion of BSF meal used in this study do not have a negative impact on the health of pigs, therefore the use of this new protein source may be a valid option from the point of view of animal health. Keywords: Hermetia illucens, Histopathology, Morphometry, Growing pigs
The increasing world population will lead to an increase in the need for food production. FAO predicts that between 2012 and 2050 the livestock industry will grow 35% to 50%. Pig farming is one of the most relevant sectors of agriculture and consequently responsible for an important environmental impact. The feeding of animals is responsible for a large part of this impact and puts a strong pressure on already limited resources, especially the protein component of the feed and the search for alternative nutritional sources is urgent. The use of insects in the food sector can be one of the promising alternatives to make the livestock sector more competitive and sustainable. As BSF is one of the main bets, it is therefore essential to assess whether the introduction of this new nutritional source has a negative impact on the health and well-being of animals and consumers. With this dissertation it was intended to evaluate how the partial and total incorporation of black soldier fly meal (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) in substitution of soybean meal and soybean oil in the feeding of pigs in the finishing phase, affects the histological characteristics of the organs and tissues. A study was carried out with 12 Landrace * Large White * Duroc male pigs with an initial mean live weight of 62 ± 3.6 kg. Three diets were studied with increasing incorporation of BSF meal to replace soybean meal and soybean oil: BSF0 (control); BSF50 (50% replacement) and BSF100 (100% replacement) formulated to be isoenergetic and isoprotein (15% CP). The trial lasted 35 days. The animals were stunned with an electric shock, on the head and chest and then bled, with a final live weight of 100 ± 6.6 kg. After fixation, the different tissues were processed for routine HE staining, evaluated histologically and through a scoring system, the changes and degree of inflammation were classified. Morphometric study of retroperitoneal, mesenteric and pericardial fats was also performed. No statistically significant differences were observed in the parameters studied, concluding that the different levels of inclusion of BSF meal used in this study do not have a negative impact on the health of pigs, therefore the use of this new protein source may be a valid option from the point of view of animal health. Keywords: Hermetia illucens, Histopathology, Morphometry, Growing pigs
Descrição
Orientação: Pedro Faísca ; coorientação: Daniel Murta
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, SUÍNOS, HISTOPATOLOGIA, MORFOMETRIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE, SWINE, HISTOPATHOLOGY, MORPHOMETRY