Evolução da vulnerabilidade sísmica do parque habitacional de Portugal Continental
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2016
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Vulnerabilidade sísmica é a suscetibilidade que uma estrutura tem para sofrer danos
sob a ação de um sismo de determinada intensidade. Trata-se de uma característica da
estrutura sobre a qual é possível intervir, de forma a reduzir os efeitos nefastos de eventuais
ações sísmicas, tais como danos estruturais, perdas económicas ou perdas humanas.
O presente estudo foi realizado com os objetivos de efetuar um levantamento dos
elementos do parque habitacional Portugal Continental expostos ao risco sísmico, de
caracterizar a sua vulnerabilidade sísmica e de estudar a sua evolução, com base em
apuramentos obtidos em três momentos diferentes das últimas duas décadas.
Para o efeito, recorreu-se aos XIII, XIV e XV Recenseamentos Gerais da População
e aos III, IV e V Recenseamentos Gerais da Habitação (Censos 91, 2001 e 2011), realizados
pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística, em 1991, 2001 e 2011, a fim de se construir uma base
de dados exaustiva sobre o parque habitacional do Continente Português e dos seus ocupantes.
Os elementos da base de dados do parque habitacional foram armazenados e
georreferenciados com recurso a uma ferramenta SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica), o
que permitiu a representação espacial das suas características e a sua comparação com
trabalhos anteriores.
No período analisado, observou-se um aumento do quantitativo de elementos
expostos, mas simultaneamente, verificou-se uma redução do número de edifícios residenciais
construídos antes de 1960, concluindo-se, de acordo com os pressupostos adotados, que a
vulnerabilidade sísmica do parque habitacional diminuiu globalmente entre 1991 e 2011.
Seismic vulnerability is the susceptibility of a structure to suffer damage during the occurrence of a given seismic action. It is a characteristic of the structure on which it is possible to intervene in order to reduce the adverse effects of seismic hazard, such as the level of damage and of human and economic losses. The objectives of the present study were to inventory the elements of the housing stock of Portugal mainland that are exposed to seismic hazard, to characterize their seismic vulnerability and to study their evolution, based on surveys made at three different moments in time of the last two decades. To this end, the XIII, XIV and XV General Population Census and the III, IV and V Housing Census (Census 91, 2001 and 2011), conducted by the Portuguese National Institute of Statistics in 1991, 2001 and 2011, respectively, were used, in order to build a comprehensive database on the housing stock of the Portuguese mainland and on its occupants. The housing stock database was stored in a GIS tool (Geographical Information System), which allowed the spatial representation of the characteristics of the elements at risk and their comparison with previous works. Over the analyzed period there was an increase in the exposure, but at the same time, there was a reduction in the number of residential buildings constructed before 1960. It was therefore concluded that, according to the adopted hypotheses, the seismic vulnerability of the housing stock has decreased globally between 1991 and 2011.
Seismic vulnerability is the susceptibility of a structure to suffer damage during the occurrence of a given seismic action. It is a characteristic of the structure on which it is possible to intervene in order to reduce the adverse effects of seismic hazard, such as the level of damage and of human and economic losses. The objectives of the present study were to inventory the elements of the housing stock of Portugal mainland that are exposed to seismic hazard, to characterize their seismic vulnerability and to study their evolution, based on surveys made at three different moments in time of the last two decades. To this end, the XIII, XIV and XV General Population Census and the III, IV and V Housing Census (Census 91, 2001 and 2011), conducted by the Portuguese National Institute of Statistics in 1991, 2001 and 2011, respectively, were used, in order to build a comprehensive database on the housing stock of the Portuguese mainland and on its occupants. The housing stock database was stored in a GIS tool (Geographical Information System), which allowed the spatial representation of the characteristics of the elements at risk and their comparison with previous works. Over the analyzed period there was an increase in the exposure, but at the same time, there was a reduction in the number of residential buildings constructed before 1960. It was therefore concluded that, according to the adopted hypotheses, the seismic vulnerability of the housing stock has decreased globally between 1991 and 2011.
Descrição
Orientação: Maria Luísa Sousa
Sotto Mayor ; co-orientação: Maria João Falcão Silva
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL, ENGENHARIA CIVIL, ENGENHARIA SÍSMICA, RISCO SÍSMICO, EDIFÍCIOS HABITACIONAIS, SEGURANÇA DE ESTRUTURAS, CENSOS, PORTUGAL, SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA, CIVIL ENGINEERING, EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, SEISMIC RISK, RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, STRUCTURAL SAFETY, CENSUS, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, PORTUGAL