Ocorrência dos ovos de monogenea em diversos substratos de fixação em pisciculturas de tanques de terra: uma estratégia de prevenção
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2020
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Em aquacultura, tanto a nível mundial como nacional, a ocorrência de parasitoses externas é relativamente frequente e causa perdas significativas para os aquacultores. Os organismos pertencentes à classe Monogenea (Filo Platyhelminte), que afetam normalmente as brânquias e pele dos hospedeiros, são dos mais comumente encontrados.
Neste estudo, avaliaram-se diversos factores na adesão dos ovos dos monogéneos tais como, os substratos utilizados, fio controlo de algodão, plástico, policloreto de vinilo (PVC), madeira e macroalga (Ulva spp.), o tempo de imersão dos substratos, o efeito das diferentes operações de aquacultura e a densidade de produção nos tanques em cultivo. Foram realizados três ensaios: no primeiro, comparou-se o efeito de cinco e dez dias de imersão dos substratos no mesmo tanque de terra; no segundo, avaliou-se o efeito de duas operações de aquacultura (pesca e remoção/manipulação de ostras) e no terceiro comparou-se a adesão dos ovos de monogéneos entre os tanques com diferentes densidades de produção. Também foram estudados em todos os ensaios, quais os substratos que promoviam a maior e menor adesão de ovos.
De acordo com os resultados, o factor tempo (cinco e dez dias) não influenciou o número de ovos aderidos aos substratos. Nos tanques de terra onde decorreram operações de aquacultura verificou-se um menor número de adesão dos ovos e no tanque com maior densidade de produção houve uma maior adesão dos ovos. Concluiu-se que os substratos que tiveram a maior adesão de ovos de monogéneos foi o plástico e aquele com menor adesão foi a macroalga.
External parasitosis causes a lot of losses to aquacultures globally and in Portugal. Monogenea class (Phylum Platyhelminth) organisms that usually affects hosts’ gills and skin are one of the most commonly found in aquaculture. This study analyses how the adhesion varies due to different factors such as the substrates, control, plastic, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wood and macroalgae (Ulva spp.), exposure time, effect of different aquaculture operations and fish production density. Three different assays were performed: in the first one the effect of five and ten days for different substrates in the same pond was compared; in the second, the effect of two aquaculture operations (fishery and removal/manipulation oysters) was evaluated and in the third the eggs adhesion between ponds with different production densities was studied. Furthermore, in every assay it was checked which substrate had a major and minor adhesion. According to the results, exposure time (five and ten days) doesn’t influence the number of eggs in the substrates. There was a smaller number of eggs in the earth ponds with aquaculture operations and in the pond with highest production density there was a higher egg adhesion. It was also found that plastic and macroalgae were the two substrates with biggest and smallest number of monogeneans eggs.
External parasitosis causes a lot of losses to aquacultures globally and in Portugal. Monogenea class (Phylum Platyhelminth) organisms that usually affects hosts’ gills and skin are one of the most commonly found in aquaculture. This study analyses how the adhesion varies due to different factors such as the substrates, control, plastic, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wood and macroalgae (Ulva spp.), exposure time, effect of different aquaculture operations and fish production density. Three different assays were performed: in the first one the effect of five and ten days for different substrates in the same pond was compared; in the second, the effect of two aquaculture operations (fishery and removal/manipulation oysters) was evaluated and in the third the eggs adhesion between ponds with different production densities was studied. Furthermore, in every assay it was checked which substrate had a major and minor adhesion. According to the results, exposure time (five and ten days) doesn’t influence the number of eggs in the substrates. There was a smaller number of eggs in the earth ponds with aquaculture operations and in the pond with highest production density there was a higher egg adhesion. It was also found that plastic and macroalgae were the two substrates with biggest and smallest number of monogeneans eggs.
Descrição
Orientação : Ana Maria Duque de Araújo Munhoz ;
co-orientação : Florbela Maria Benjamim Soares
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, PARASITAS, AQUICULTURA, PEIXES, PARASITOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE, PARASITES, AQUACULTURE, FISHES, VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY, MONOGENEA, TANQUES DE TERRA, EARTH PONDS