Fisiologista do exercício especialista em contexto clínico : estudo da autogestão do peso em adolescentes com obesidade
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2024
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As doenças crónicas como a obesidade, bem como as perturbações mentais, são um problema de saúde pública cada vez mais prevalente nas crianças e nos jovens adolescentes. Os adolescentes com excesso de peso correm um risco acrescido de depressão e diminuição da autoestima. O excesso de peso e obesidade tem consequências adversas para a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) e, por isso, pode ser um importante determinante na adesão de adolescentes a um programa de perda de peso. Sendo os efeitos da atividade física e do treino de exercício aeróbio, de resistência e de carga óssea nas crianças e nos adolescentes reconhecidos por trazer benefícios fisiológicos, psicológicos, cognitivos e académicos. Esta dissertação tem como objetivos: (i) relatar e adquirir competências em contexto clínico que permitam uma aprendizagem ao longo da vida, de forma auto orientada ou autónoma, e ser capaz de comunicar as suas conclusões, os conhecimentos e raciocínios a elas subjacentes sobre a autogestão do peso em adolescentes com obesidade, através do relatório de estágio e do estágio que realizei no Hospital da Luz, no Centro de Medicina Desportiva; (ii) identificar, descrever e verificar intervenções para a autogestão de saúde nos mediadores e outcomes psicológicos de jovens com obesidade, através da revisão sistemática; (iii) estudar a viabilidade, aceitabilidade e assiduidade de um programa de autogestão da saúde para jovens com obesidade, através do estudo de investigação. O relatório de estágio revela a importância do papel do fisiologista do exercício e de uma multidisciplinaridade entre diversas especialidades muito relevante para uma ajuda mais eficaz dos cidadãos/pacientes. Na revisão sistemática a pesquisa foi realizada em três bases de dados: PubMed, SportDiscus e PsycInfo. Durante a fase de extração de dados, foram recolhidas várias características dos estudos e avaliado o risco de viés. Foram selecionados 14 estudos, publicados entre 1994 e 2022, com uma amostra total de 3236 participantes, com idades entre 8 e 19 anos. Foram analisadas 10 variáveis diferentes sobre parâmetros de saúde mental, sendo as mais relevantes a qualidade de vida, a satisfação com a imagem corporal, a motivação intrínseca e a autoestima nas intervenções para a autogestão da saúde. Já no estudo de investigação de um estudo piloto de um programa de autogestão da saúde em adolescentes com obesidade, onde a amostra era constituída por 7 adolescentes entre os 12 e 14 anos, foi realizado um grupo focal aos 3 meses de intervenção aos participantes, pais e intervenientes, onde se recolheu vários códigos/variáveis, sendo as principais a regularidade das sessões, a abordagem multidisciplinar e o ênfase na criação de uma dinâmica de grupo como pontos positivos e os desafios logísticos e a necessidade de uma comunicação mais eficaz identificados como áreas de melhoria. Observando-se assim, que o programa de autogestão da saúde em adolescentes com obesidade sugere viabilidade, aceitabilidade e assiduidade positiva, parecendo promover uma boa adesão e satisfação dos participantes, pais e intervenientes.
Chronic diseases such as obesity, as well as mental disorders, are an increasingly prevalent public health problem among children and young adolescents. Overweight adolescents are at increased risk of depression and lower self-esteem. Overweight and obesity have adverse consequences for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and can therefore be an important determinant of adolescents' adherence to a weight loss programme. The effects of physical activity and aerobic, resistance and bone loading exercise training in children and adolescents are recognised as having physiological, psychological, cognitive and academic benefits. This dissertation aims to: (i) report and acquire skills in a clinical context that allow lifelong learning, in a self-guided or autonomous way, and be able to communicate their conclusions, the knowledge and reasoning behind them on self-management of weight in adolescents with obesity, through the internship report and the internship I carried out at Hospital da Luz, in the Sports Medicine Centre; (ii) to identify, describe and verify the impact of health self-management interventions on the psychological mediators and outcomes of young people with obesity, through the systematic review; (iii) to study the feasibility, acceptability and attendance of a health self-management programme for young people with obesity, through the research study. The internship report reveals the importance of the role of the exercise physiologist and the multidisciplinarity between different specialities, which is very important for helping citizens/patients more effectively. The systematic review was carried out in three databases: PubMed, SportDiscus and PsycInfo. During the data extraction phase, various study characteristics were collected and the risk of bias was assessed. Fourteen studies were selected, published between 1994 and 2022, with a total sample of 3,236 participants aged between 8 and 19. Ten different variables on mental health parameters were assessed, the most relevant being quality of life, satisfaction with body image, intrinsic motivation and self-esteem for a positive impact on interventions for self-management of health. In the research study, a pilot study of a health self-management program for adolescents with obesity, where the sample consisted of 7 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 14, a focus group was held at 3 months into the intervention with participants, parents and stakeholders, where several codes/variables were collected, the main ones being the regularity of the sessions, the multidisciplinary approach and the emphasis on creating a group dynamic as positive points and the logistical challenges and the need for more effective communication identified as areas for improvement. The self-management of health program for adolescents with obesity suggests viability, acceptability and positive attendance, and seems to promote good adherence and satisfaction among participants, parents and stakeholders.
Chronic diseases such as obesity, as well as mental disorders, are an increasingly prevalent public health problem among children and young adolescents. Overweight adolescents are at increased risk of depression and lower self-esteem. Overweight and obesity have adverse consequences for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and can therefore be an important determinant of adolescents' adherence to a weight loss programme. The effects of physical activity and aerobic, resistance and bone loading exercise training in children and adolescents are recognised as having physiological, psychological, cognitive and academic benefits. This dissertation aims to: (i) report and acquire skills in a clinical context that allow lifelong learning, in a self-guided or autonomous way, and be able to communicate their conclusions, the knowledge and reasoning behind them on self-management of weight in adolescents with obesity, through the internship report and the internship I carried out at Hospital da Luz, in the Sports Medicine Centre; (ii) to identify, describe and verify the impact of health self-management interventions on the psychological mediators and outcomes of young people with obesity, through the systematic review; (iii) to study the feasibility, acceptability and attendance of a health self-management programme for young people with obesity, through the research study. The internship report reveals the importance of the role of the exercise physiologist and the multidisciplinarity between different specialities, which is very important for helping citizens/patients more effectively. The systematic review was carried out in three databases: PubMed, SportDiscus and PsycInfo. During the data extraction phase, various study characteristics were collected and the risk of bias was assessed. Fourteen studies were selected, published between 1994 and 2022, with a total sample of 3,236 participants aged between 8 and 19. Ten different variables on mental health parameters were assessed, the most relevant being quality of life, satisfaction with body image, intrinsic motivation and self-esteem for a positive impact on interventions for self-management of health. In the research study, a pilot study of a health self-management program for adolescents with obesity, where the sample consisted of 7 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 14, a focus group was held at 3 months into the intervention with participants, parents and stakeholders, where several codes/variables were collected, the main ones being the regularity of the sessions, the multidisciplinary approach and the emphasis on creating a group dynamic as positive points and the logistical challenges and the need for more effective communication identified as areas for improvement. The self-management of health program for adolescents with obesity suggests viability, acceptability and positive attendance, and seems to promote good adherence and satisfaction among participants, parents and stakeholders.
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SPORT, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, OBESITY, ADOLESCENTS, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, QUALITY OF LIFE, MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, DESPORTO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, OBESIDADE, ADOLESCENTES, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, QUALIDADE DE VIDA, Mestrado em Exercício e Bem-Estar