Mastocitoma canino : três casos clínicos
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2023
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Esta dissertação foi realizada no âmbito da conclusão do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Lusófona e tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão da literatura atual, apresentação e discussão de três casos clínicos acompanhados durante o estágio curricular realizado no OneVet Hospital Veterinário de Berna, Lisboa, Portugal. Os mastocitomas são as neoplasias cutâneas mais comum em cães. A citologia e a histopatologia são as técnicas de diagnóstico de maior importância, sendo que a citologia permite um diagnóstico inicial e a análise histopatológica permite obter um diagnóstico final, bem como um prognóstico mais preciso. É essencial realizar análises sanguíneas, como hemograma e perfil bioquímico renal e hepático, citologias dos linfonodos regionais e ecografia abdominal para ser possível realizar um estadiamento. O prognóstico e a abordagem terapêutica dependem da classificação histológica, metastização e marcadores de proliferação celular. A cirurgia é o tratamento de primeira escolha, mas por nem sempre ser possível, existem outros tratamentos que podem ser utilizados, como a quimioterapia, a radioterapia, os inibidores de tirosina quinase, a eletroquimioterapia e mais recentemente, o stelfonta. As doenças oncológicas corresponderam a 26% das consultas acompanhadas pela autora, sendo os mastocitomas das neoplasias mais observadas. Em dois dos três casos descritos pela autora, estavam presentes duasraças das descritas na literatura como predispostas, Boxer e Labrador Retriever. Nos três casos o diagnóstico inicial foi feito por citologia através de punção aspirativa por agulha fina e foi realizado um estadiamento adequado. A cirurgia foi o tratamento de primeira escolha para todos os animais e dois iniciaram tratamento adjuvante, com protocolo de vimblastina e prednisolona. Um dos animais foi eutanasiado devido à progressão da doença. Palavras-chave: cirurgia, cão, oncologia, neoplasias cutâneas, quimioterapia
This dissertation was carried out as part of the conclusion of the Integrated Master´s in Veterinary Medicine at Universidade Lusófona and aims to review the current literature, present and discuss three clinical cases observed during the curricular internship carried out in OneVet Hospital Veterinário de Berna, Lisbon, Portugal. Mast cell tumors are the most common skin neoplasias in dogs. Cytology and histopathology are the most important diagnostic techniques, with cytology allowing an initial diagnosis and histopathological analysis in order to obtain a final diagnosis, as well as a more accurate prognosis. Moreover, it is essential to perform blood tests, regional lymph node cytology and an abdominal ultrasound to perform an adequate staging. The prognosis and therapeutic approach depend on histological classification, metastasis and cell proliferation markers. Surgery is the first choice treatment, however, because it is not always possible, there are other options are viable, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, electrochemotherapy and, more recently, stelfonta. The author's monitoring of consultations revealed that oncological diseases constituted 26% of the cases, with neoplasms in the form of mast cell tumors being the predominant observed pathology. Two of the cases described by the author consisted of breeds, the Boxer and Labrador Retriever, reported in literature as predisposed. In all three cases, the initial diagnosis was made by cytology through fine needle aspiration and appropriate staging was carried out. Surgery was the first choice treatment for all animals and two animals started adjuvant treatment with vinblastine and prednisolone protocol. One of the animals was euthanized due to progression of the disease. Keywords: surgery, dog, oncology, skin neoplasia, chemotherapy
This dissertation was carried out as part of the conclusion of the Integrated Master´s in Veterinary Medicine at Universidade Lusófona and aims to review the current literature, present and discuss three clinical cases observed during the curricular internship carried out in OneVet Hospital Veterinário de Berna, Lisbon, Portugal. Mast cell tumors are the most common skin neoplasias in dogs. Cytology and histopathology are the most important diagnostic techniques, with cytology allowing an initial diagnosis and histopathological analysis in order to obtain a final diagnosis, as well as a more accurate prognosis. Moreover, it is essential to perform blood tests, regional lymph node cytology and an abdominal ultrasound to perform an adequate staging. The prognosis and therapeutic approach depend on histological classification, metastasis and cell proliferation markers. Surgery is the first choice treatment, however, because it is not always possible, there are other options are viable, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, electrochemotherapy and, more recently, stelfonta. The author's monitoring of consultations revealed that oncological diseases constituted 26% of the cases, with neoplasms in the form of mast cell tumors being the predominant observed pathology. Two of the cases described by the author consisted of breeds, the Boxer and Labrador Retriever, reported in literature as predisposed. In all three cases, the initial diagnosis was made by cytology through fine needle aspiration and appropriate staging was carried out. Surgery was the first choice treatment for all animals and two animals started adjuvant treatment with vinblastine and prednisolone protocol. One of the animals was euthanized due to progression of the disease. Keywords: surgery, dog, oncology, skin neoplasia, chemotherapy
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, SURGERIES, DOGS, VETERINARY ONCOLOGY, NEOPLASMS, CHEMOTHERAPY, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, CIRURGIAS, CÃES, ONCOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, NEOPLASIAS, QUIMIOTERAPIA, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária