Peritonite em cães : descrição de 6 casos clínicos
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2024
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A peritonite biliar é normalmente originada pelo extravasamento de bílis na cavidade peritoneal que geralmente é causado por uma rutura da vesícula biliar ou dos ductos biliares, colecistite, trauma abdominal ou neoplasias. Os sinais clínicos destas enfermidades são bastante inespecíficos como febre, dor abdominal e prostração. O diagnóstico é geralmente realizado a partir do exame físico, com ajuda de análises laboratoriais e confirmado através de imagiologia (geralmente ecografia) e colheita e análise do líquido peritoneal. O tratamento é multimodal, começando pela estabilização dos parâmetros vitais do paciente, passando para a resolução cirúrgica e lavagem peritoneal e maneio e cuidados pós-cirúrgicos. As duas apresentações de peritonite são consideradas urgências médicas que requerem o rápido diagnóstico e uma intervenção médica agressiva para que as chances de resolução e recuperação total sejam as mais elevadas possíveis. O prognóstico destas varia em função da gravidade da etiologia primária, da rapidez de tratamento e da eficácia do mesmo, sendo que o maneio e cuidados pós-cirúrgicos são fundamentais para que haja uma recuperação estável e linear do animal. Nesta tese são descritos ainda 6 casos clínicos de peritonites sépticas e biliares de forma detalhada com o objetivo de aprofundar o conhecimento acerca destas enfermidades, assim como de acompanhar ao detalhe as experiências hospitalares quando um animal com estas alterações surge em ambiente de hospital veterinário. Palavres-chave: canídeo, peritoneu, contaminação bacteriana, cavidade abdominal, laparotomia exploratória, sépsis, fuga de bílis
Peritonitis in dogs is a severe inflammation of the peritoneal cavity that can be classified as septic or aseptic. Septic peritonitis results from the presence of bacterial infection in the peritoneal cavity and usually the causes are intestinal perforation, abdominal abscesses, penetrating wounds or ruptured pyometra. Biliary peritonitis is usually caused by the extravasation of bile into the peritoneal cavity that is usually caused by a rupture of the gallbladder or bile ducts, cholecystitis, abdominal trauma, or neoplasms. The clinical signs of this illness are quite nonspecific like fever, abdominal pain and prostration. The diagnosis is usually made from physical examination, with the help of laboratory tests and confirmed through imaging (usually ultrasound) and collection and analysis of peritoneal fluid. Treatment is multimodal, starting with the stabilization of the patient's vital parameters, moving on to surgical resolution and peritoneal lavage and management and postoperative care. The two presentations of peritonitis are considered medical emergencies that require rapid diagnosis and aggressive medical intervention so that the chances of resolution and full recovery are as high as possible. The prognosis of these varies depending on the severity of the primary etiology, the speed of treatment and its effectiveness, and management and postsurgical care are essential for a stable and linear recovery of the animal. In this thesis, 6 clinical cases of septic and biliary peritonitis are also described in detail with the aim of deepening the knowledge about these diseases, as well as to follow in detail the hospital experiences when an animal with these alterations appears in a veterinary hospital environment. Keywords: canid, peritoneum, bacterial contamination, abdominal cavity, exploratory laparotomy, sepsis, bile leakage
Peritonitis in dogs is a severe inflammation of the peritoneal cavity that can be classified as septic or aseptic. Septic peritonitis results from the presence of bacterial infection in the peritoneal cavity and usually the causes are intestinal perforation, abdominal abscesses, penetrating wounds or ruptured pyometra. Biliary peritonitis is usually caused by the extravasation of bile into the peritoneal cavity that is usually caused by a rupture of the gallbladder or bile ducts, cholecystitis, abdominal trauma, or neoplasms. The clinical signs of this illness are quite nonspecific like fever, abdominal pain and prostration. The diagnosis is usually made from physical examination, with the help of laboratory tests and confirmed through imaging (usually ultrasound) and collection and analysis of peritoneal fluid. Treatment is multimodal, starting with the stabilization of the patient's vital parameters, moving on to surgical resolution and peritoneal lavage and management and postoperative care. The two presentations of peritonitis are considered medical emergencies that require rapid diagnosis and aggressive medical intervention so that the chances of resolution and full recovery are as high as possible. The prognosis of these varies depending on the severity of the primary etiology, the speed of treatment and its effectiveness, and management and postsurgical care are essential for a stable and linear recovery of the animal. In this thesis, 6 clinical cases of septic and biliary peritonitis are also described in detail with the aim of deepening the knowledge about these diseases, as well as to follow in detail the hospital experiences when an animal with these alterations appears in a veterinary hospital environment. Keywords: canid, peritoneum, bacterial contamination, abdominal cavity, exploratory laparotomy, sepsis, bile leakage
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, CANIDS, BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION, LAPAROTOMY, BILIARY TRACT DISEASES, PERITONITIS, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, CANÍDEOS, CONTAMINAÇÃO BACTERIANA, ABDÓMEN, LAPAROTOMIA, SÉPSIS, DOENÇAS BILIARES, PERITONITE, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária