Avaliação do desmame precoce de leitões supranumerários
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2017
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Ao longo dos anos o número de leitões desmamados por porca por ano tem vindo a aumentar com o aumento da prolificidade. Ainda que a rentabilidade das explorações tenha sido melhorada, surgiram alguns desafios relativamente à gestão de leitões supranumerários como, por exemplo, o desmame precoce de leitões. Por forma a melhorar os índices de sobrevivência e crescimento dos leitões supranumerários, foram utilizadas incubadoras para o desmame precoce de leitões supranumerários, as quais foram avaliadas em três ensaios repetidos ao longo do estudo. Em cada ensaio foram utilizados 100 leitões, distribuídos equitativamente por dois grupos: Leitões incluídos nas Incubadoras (LI) – alimentados com leite artificial suplementado com alimento pré-starter – e Leitões Controlo (LC) – distribuídos por quatro porcas adotivas. Todos os leitões foram pesados individualmente aos 7 dias de vida (início do estudo), aos 28 dias (desmame), aos 42 dias (transição de alimento pré-starter para starter) e aos 67 dias de vida (saída da recria). As comparações entre grupos foram feitas por análise de covariância tendo como covariável o peso aos 7 dias.
Assim, aos 28 dias de idade os LC apresentaram um peso significativamente superior (p=0.000) aos LI e mostraram um GMD significativamente superior (p=0.000) aos LI entre os 7 e 28 dias de vida. Já aos 42 dias de vida, os LI apresentaram uma forte recuperação de peso e um GMD significativamente superiores (p=0.000) aos LC, tendo mantido esta tendência aos 67 dias de vida (p=0.052).
Com este estudo, não só se pode concluir que a utilização de incubadoras como estratégia de maneio de leitões excedentários é uma alternativa viável, como também que proporciona uma melhor adaptação dos leitões ao alimento sólido durante a lactação, potenciada pela presença na incubadora, contribuindo para uma melhor performance durante a recria.
Over the years the number of piglets weaned per sow per year has increased with prolificacy. Although the profitability of farms has been improved, a number of challenges have arisen regarding the management of supernumerary piglets, such as early weaning of piglets. In order to improve the survival and growth rates of supernumerary piglets, incubators were used for early weaning of supernumerary piglets, which were evaluated in three replicate trials throughout the study. In each trial, 100 piglets were distributed equally into two groups: piglets included in Incubators (LI) - fed with artificial milk supplemented with pre-starter feed - and Control Piglets (LC) - distributed by four adoptive sows. All piglets were weighed individually at 7 days of age (beginning of the study), at 28 days (weaning), at 42 days (transition from pre-starter to starter) and at 67 days of age (end of the nursery phase). At 28 days of age, LC presented a significantly higher weight (p<0.05) to LI and showed significantly higher ADG (p<0.05) to LI between 7 and 28 days of life. At 42 days of age, LI had a significantly higher weight and ADG (p<0.05) than LC, and this situation was maintained at 67 days of life (p<0.05). With this study, not only is it possible to conclude that the use of incubators as a management strategy for surplus piglets is a viable alternative, but also that a better adaptation of the piglets to solid feed during lactation leads to a better performance during the nursery fase due to rearing in incubators.
Over the years the number of piglets weaned per sow per year has increased with prolificacy. Although the profitability of farms has been improved, a number of challenges have arisen regarding the management of supernumerary piglets, such as early weaning of piglets. In order to improve the survival and growth rates of supernumerary piglets, incubators were used for early weaning of supernumerary piglets, which were evaluated in three replicate trials throughout the study. In each trial, 100 piglets were distributed equally into two groups: piglets included in Incubators (LI) - fed with artificial milk supplemented with pre-starter feed - and Control Piglets (LC) - distributed by four adoptive sows. All piglets were weighed individually at 7 days of age (beginning of the study), at 28 days (weaning), at 42 days (transition from pre-starter to starter) and at 67 days of age (end of the nursery phase). At 28 days of age, LC presented a significantly higher weight (p<0.05) to LI and showed significantly higher ADG (p<0.05) to LI between 7 and 28 days of life. At 42 days of age, LI had a significantly higher weight and ADG (p<0.05) than LC, and this situation was maintained at 67 days of life (p<0.05). With this study, not only is it possible to conclude that the use of incubators as a management strategy for surplus piglets is a viable alternative, but also that a better adaptation of the piglets to solid feed during lactation leads to a better performance during the nursery fase due to rearing in incubators.
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Orientação: Daniel Murta
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, SUÍNOS, ALEITAMENTO ARTIFICIAL, LACTAÇÃO, PECUÁRIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE, SWINE, ARTIFICIAL MILK-FEEDING, LACTATION, LIVESTOCK FARMING, INCUBADORAS, INCUBATORS