Patologias associadas às raças braquicefálicas caninas : relato de 4 casos clínicos
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O objetivo desta dissertação é ilustrar as principais patologias das raças braquicefálicas caninas, tendo como base uma vasta revisão bibliográfica. Atualmente, estamos perante uma crise paradoxal em todo o mundo, porque se conhecem as patologias a que estas raças estão predispostas e há partes interessadas em salvaguardar a sua saúde e bem-estar, no entanto, a popularidade continua a aumentar exponencialmente. As patologias mais frequentes serão descritas ao longo da dissertação e serão apresentados e discutidos 4 casos clínicos, de 4 raças diferentes de cães braquicefálicos. O primeiro caso define um canídeo Shih Tzu com otite externa bilateral secundária por Pseudomonas spp. e com ulceração superficial da córnea do olho direito. O segundo caso representa um canídeo Épagneul Pequinês com dermatite atópica causada por contacto com alergénios ambientais interiores e exteriores e alimentares, mais especificamente de origem animal. O terceiro caso retrata um canídeo Bulldog Francês com hérnia intervertebral tipo I toracolombar, entre a 13ª vértebra torácica e a primeira lombar. Por fim, o quarto caso corresponde a um canídeo Boxer com hiperplasia gengival. A estenose do canal auditivo presente nestas raças altera o meio ambiente auditivo, predispondo estes canídeos a otites externas secundárias. Adicionalmente, tem-se que a presença de olhos grandes e expostos predispõem-nos a oftalmopatias, como úlceras da córnea. Paralelamente, canídeos com braquicefalia demonstram estar predispostos geneticamente a dermatite atópica. Complementarmente, a forma do corpo destes animais, curta com ou sem cauda, predispõem-nos a distúrbios vertebrais e medulares progressivos, como as hérnias discais intervertebrais. Além disso, as alterações realizadas até alcançar o comprimento desejável das maxilas destes, predispõe estes animais a apinhamento dentário, doença periodontal e por sua vez, a hiperplasia gengival. Palavras-chave: Braquicefalismo; otite externa canina; úlcera da córnea canina; dermatite atópica canina, hérnia discal intervertebral toracolombar canina; hiperplasia gengival canina
The objective of this dissertation is to illustrate the main pathologies of brachycephalic canine breeds, based on a vast literature review. Currently, we are facing a paradoxical crisis throughout the world, because the pathologies to which these breeds are predisposed are known and there are parties interested in safeguarding their health and well-being, however, their popularity continues to increase exponentially. The most common pathologies will be described throughout the dissertation and 4 clinical cases will be presented and discussed, from 4 different breeds of brachycephalic dogs. The first case defines a Shih Tzu dog with secondary bilateral external otitis caused by Pseudomonas spp. and with superficial ulceration of the cornea of the right eye. The second case represents an Épagneul Pekingese canine with atopic dermatitis caused by contact with indoor and outdoor environmental and food allergens, more specifically of animal origin. The third case depicts a French Bulldog with type I thoracolumbar intervertebral hernia, between the 13th thoracic and the first lumbar vertebra. Finally, the fourth case corresponds to a Boxer canine with gingival hyperplasia. The ear canal stenosis present in these breeds alters the auditory environment, predisposing these dogs to secondary external otitis. Additionally, the presence of large, exposed eyes predisposes them to ophthalmopathies, such as corneal ulcers. At the same time, dogs with brachycephaly have been shown to be genetically predisposed to atopic dermatitis. Additionally, the body shape of these animals, short with or without a tail, predisposes them to progressive vertebral and spinal cord disorders, such as intervertebral disc herniations. Furthermore, the changes carried out to reach the desirable length of their jaws predispose these animals to dental crowding, periodontal disease and, in turn, gingival hyperplasia. Keywords: Brachycephalism; canine external otitis; canine corneal ulcer; canine atopic dermatitis, canine thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation; canine gingival hyperplasia
The objective of this dissertation is to illustrate the main pathologies of brachycephalic canine breeds, based on a vast literature review. Currently, we are facing a paradoxical crisis throughout the world, because the pathologies to which these breeds are predisposed are known and there are parties interested in safeguarding their health and well-being, however, their popularity continues to increase exponentially. The most common pathologies will be described throughout the dissertation and 4 clinical cases will be presented and discussed, from 4 different breeds of brachycephalic dogs. The first case defines a Shih Tzu dog with secondary bilateral external otitis caused by Pseudomonas spp. and with superficial ulceration of the cornea of the right eye. The second case represents an Épagneul Pekingese canine with atopic dermatitis caused by contact with indoor and outdoor environmental and food allergens, more specifically of animal origin. The third case depicts a French Bulldog with type I thoracolumbar intervertebral hernia, between the 13th thoracic and the first lumbar vertebra. Finally, the fourth case corresponds to a Boxer canine with gingival hyperplasia. The ear canal stenosis present in these breeds alters the auditory environment, predisposing these dogs to secondary external otitis. Additionally, the presence of large, exposed eyes predisposes them to ophthalmopathies, such as corneal ulcers. At the same time, dogs with brachycephaly have been shown to be genetically predisposed to atopic dermatitis. Additionally, the body shape of these animals, short with or without a tail, predisposes them to progressive vertebral and spinal cord disorders, such as intervertebral disc herniations. Furthermore, the changes carried out to reach the desirable length of their jaws predispose these animals to dental crowding, periodontal disease and, in turn, gingival hyperplasia. Keywords: Brachycephalism; canine external otitis; canine corneal ulcer; canine atopic dermatitis, canine thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation; canine gingival hyperplasia