Revista Lusófona de Arquitectura e Educação
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Item Research by design in architecture : an approach into the exploratory research phase(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Almeida, Maria Rita Pais Ramos Abreu de; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesIn the scope of design, research has been a difficult issue to respond to the real necessities throughout the process of thinking. Even the “design” word is meant to beused in several different fields of knowledge and practice (from industrial design,computation systems to architecture).Concerning Research by Design (RbD), there is a sense of vagueness, both in terms ofmethodology and aims. That’s the result of its own essence: design is the result of a big creative endeavour and research is focused in concrete results due to certain questions or problems.Focusing in the architecture discipline, RbD is commonly the most used work methodology.In this sense, we can say that there are so many RbD as many architects and architecture students in the world. So can we improve this kind of research and take it to another level, integrating it into the field of the so called traditional research? The purpose of this paper is to understand more about the “exploratory phase” in theRbD approach. This phase is based in data and collected information as well as individual experience. This paper tries to understand and improve the critical thinking implicit in the “exploratory research”. This critical thinking is linked to certain “strategic questions” and “operational links” that guide the researcher into a more understandable research practice. The final aim is to lead the RbD to a more sustained internal validity (satisfactory conclusions among the variables experimented) andexternal validity (generalise the findings to an appropriate community).Item Learning from actor network theory : bridging the gap between research in science and research by design(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Bradbury, Simon; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThis paper explores how an alternative understanding of the development ofscientific knowledge through the work of Bruno Latour can help to bridge the gapbetween knowledge produced through practice-based research and conventionalresearch outputs.The paper reviews the history of the debate of what constitutes practice-basedresearch outputs drawing from the work of Frayling (1993) and Archer (1995). Anunderstanding of practice-based research is developed that goes beyond a simplisticview of a building or artefact as a research output or “mute object” (Till 2012).This is considered in the context of the work of Bruno Latour (1987, 2005) and otherswho have tried to show how the construction of scientific facts is produced as afunction of both the ‘objects’ and ‘social’ context of science.Through reviewing practice-based research submissions from RAE 2008 the paperexplores how we may re-conceive both the normative models of research outputs(peer reviewed academic papers) and the products of architecture practice (buildingsand artefacts) and conceive them both as part of the same network of knowledgeproduction. This is then discussed in the practical context of a practice-based research project into low energy housing.In doing so the paper suggest this new understanding will elevate the importance ofrigorous practice-based research while overcoming the challenges faced inconventional research in the constant desire to show impact from research projects.Item Research by Design : Research through Design(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Geissbühler, Dieter; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThis paper is to be read in context with the paper of Uli Herres (next paper in this journal), since the two explain the handling of specific forms of knowledge in the Master of Arts in Architecture course at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts and in the related Research Group Material Structure Energy in Architecture.Research by Design is established in the curricula of teaching as well as in research ondifferent levels from regular teaching in architecture to the PhD program. The interaction is a two directional, meaning that teaching influences research as research influences teaching. The concept of combining theory and practice in the Master of Arts in Architecture course at the HSLU – T&A forms the basis of the concept of research by design as applied by the Research Group Material Structure Energy in Architecture.The Master course in architecture is directly linked to the work of the Research Group,a request that has been stated by the governmental guidelines for the introduction of a master program in architecture at the universities of applied sciences in Switzerland.The University of Applied sciences and Arts Lucerne took this opportunity to establish a model that introduces the interaction of design methods with scientific methods in three steps. The basis is set with a distinct content linked to the credo “building as system” of the Department Technique and Architecture. This meant a clear focusing on issues directly linked to the design of buildingsItem The Duke in his domain(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Ozga-Lawn, Matt; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThe Duke Vespasiano Gonzaga (1621-1687) was a true renaissance man. A prince, soldier, poet, artist and architect, he lived amidst the emergent and unstable origins of the architectural discipline. He created through force of will the città ideale of Sabbioneta, a place that in conflating the military and civic gives insight into the militarised mindset that helped birth the discipline we recognise today. Sabbioneta is the result of this mindset: the Duke was free to explore his existential condition through the medium of architecture. One means he used to achieve this was a theatre he commissioned at the centre of Sabbioneta, designed by Vincenzo Scamozzi. The theatre was a space, housing a stage-set representation of the surrounding city, for the Duke to viscerally engage with the ideal, militarised world created around and through him.The paper will show how the duke and his domain, interacted with via the theatre space at Sabbioneta, can act as allegory for the architect in his studio space. The paper blurs agencies of the military and the architectural, with the designer’s role as viscerally engaged with and immersed within the design process discussed in this context.Item The city walls. an old theme for new urban spaces(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Miano, Pasquale; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThe walls of the historic cities have always been an occasion to reason about urbanopen spaces. Suffice it to think at the ancient settlements, where the areas excludedby the fence walls then became indeterminate urban places, object of subsequentfilling operations. For a long time, the theme of the conservation of the city walls hasprevailed over the issues of dejection and the cycles of ring roads, charactering theXIX century and the first half of the XX century. Yet, this recurring theme oftenproduces conservative actions for their own sake, in which the relics of the rampartsare surrounded by narrow and pointless gardens: a new form of insulation, that -when does not result in intentionally physical seclusion - at least so appears at theconceptual level, especially when the walls have been preserved for partial fragments.Today the necessity to take a step forward is strongly felt, rethinking about thespaces of the walls according to new processing and content, in which the city wallsresume to play a proactive role.Item For from design and through design and for design are all things(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Sequeira, Marta; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesAcademic research in architecture has mainly become a theoretical activity driven away from its subject’s core, focusing in complementary fields. Analytical investigations are common – concerning historical character, theoretical, constructive or technological – as well as propositional thesis – mainly regarding construction and technology. Yet, you can find much investigation in this scientific area, which find its significance in other domains. However, project-based theses in architecture, in which there are no antagonism or exclusion between theory and practice but rather promote complementarity, are quite scarce. This paper aims to answer the question that seems natural and consistent with the above scenario: how can we define a new paradigm, in which architecture would be understood and portrayed as a system for producing and spreading knowledge?Item Architectural design research through cinematic collage(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Troiani, Igea; Carless, Tonia; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThis essay argues that cinematic representation can, and must, be understood as a method of developing a form of critical architectural enquiry and thinking in the same manner as text - a textual analysis and a communication means for practice-based research. The proposition is that cinematic architectural drawing and the discourse of occupied space are inseparable and that the limits of both are products of specific ideological and cultural practices. In this essay, two different bodies of iterative cinematic collage research practice are considered. Both sets of representations present new rigorously created architectural design knowledge and refer to the contention by Claude Lévis-Strauss (1966/1962:16-17) that the practice of the bricoleur, understood here as architect-bricoleur, is in marked contrast to the measurable output of the scientist, or architectural design scientist.Item Shopping centre and urban regeneration : reflections on the potential for a synergic relation(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Queiroz, Tiago; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesShopping Centres are usually related with the proce ss of suburban growth and urban sprawl. Key element and urban reference of the moto rway cities, these semiotic symbols for the consumption’s life standard, shoppin g centres are also considered the executioners of traditional commerce. Urban centres on the main Portuguese cities suffer a chronicle problem of abandon and desertification, mostly related with housing pri ces and inefficient policies on urban regeneration, to which the local commerce aba ndon is collateral. Considering the urban essence as a social happening , where public and private activities coexist in a complex and intricate struc ture, where the hierarchy of space and building is sewed by the common citizen necessi ties – shelter, food, work and leisure – it is reasonable to assume that the comme rcial activities which provide the software or interface for this basic requirements o f contemporary urban living, may be the essential catalyst for a city vitality. The main question on this paper is: Can shopping ce ntres be used as the anchor for urban regeneration of consolidated metropolitan are as? If so, what might be the adequate typologies, dimensions and logistic require ments? Not disregarding any other important factors of the urban framework, operating on the border between public and semi-public space, th e anchor terminology is not innocent. The paradigms of the contemporary shoppin g centre stand on the basic lexis of the traditional city - where the most icon ic anchor shops relate with the squares in a similar symbolic pattern as that of th e public or corporate buildings, whilst the smaller shops are placed along the “mall ” streets and configure the common private blocks, as in a real city. Here lies one key factor: the lack of authenticity of the shopping centre urban dialogue, which in this case, could be referred as au thentiCITY. As an opposite example, we may refer to the importance of big depa rtment stores, in the commercial vitality of many European city centres, where shopp ing happens without a mimetic solution. In this case, the relation between urban street shopping and department store shopping is diffuse and disconnected. In conclusion, the purpose of this paper is to expl ore the possibilities of connection between urban street shopping and the shopping (cen tre) urban experience, considering the potential for a synergic relation. For this purpose two case studies, located in Lisbon, were considered,: Chiado regeneration scheme, by Architect Alvaro Siza Vieir a (where stands the reconversion of the Chiado Warehouses, by Architect Eduardo Sou to de Moura) and the Martim Moniz area, in which stand two small shopping centre s built in the 80’s.Item Design as a key for understanding, a pretext for action, a synthesis of knowledge(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Frazão, Marta Felicidade Mateus; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThis paper considers the current investigation under the context of a PhD thesis.The research theme focuses on exploring possible strategies to promote and empower the Rural Territory, through the historical and cultural use of springs with therapeutic properties, in Baixo Alentejo region of Mértola, where we observe a significant concentration of bathing places, which are nowadays in a declining process.This research explores and considers the connection and complementarity between theoretical and operational field, the narrative and design, the thinking process and possible action. The main purpose of this paper is to identify some of the mechanisms and working methods that have been adopted, with special focus on the‘diagram’, understood as an essential design tool and therefore a graphic instrument that organises information, activates thinking and stimulates unexpected possibilities for action.Item Construção, materiais e conforto em ambiente tropical: a arquitetura nos trópicos(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Santa-Rita, António José de; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe architecture in the tropical regions usually im plies the air conditioning devices installation, regarding the internal comfort. Howev er, it can be avoided gaining advantage of the local geography, topography, wind, ra in, moisture as well the temperature and the thermal variations during the d ay and the night. This study as a whole can avoid the air conditioning use and choose only natural ventilation and an adequate thermal envelope, a cheaper and sustainable solution. It is important also the complete knowledge of the local building and in sulating materials, shading devices, flora and the moisture content. Classical a rchitecture must be supported by the vernacular knowledge and teaching that gives us in a constant learning from the sixteenth century with the Portuguese colonizationItem The poetics of modern design : from the grain elevators to theproduction of Design in the first half of the twentieth century(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Ladeiro, Nuno Miguel Amorim de Campos; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThe shape of the Grain Elevators characterized the formation of the consciousness of the visionary, functionalist, and machinist class of the first half of the twentieth century. Through the study of the evolution model o f the Grain Elevators, of the examples built in Buffalo, USA, and the analysis of modern design objects, we intend to establish a relationship between the shape of gr ain elevators and the shape of modern design objects in order to understand whethe r the internationalization of this model of functional factory was a model that influe nced the design of some modern industrial design pieces. By using more speculative methodologies, our objecti ve is to identify and understand some modern design objects that reflect a formal re lationship with the Grain Elevators.Item Research and practice : full-size practical constructions for the development of innovative lithic prototypes(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Fallacara, Giuseppe; Calabria, Claudia; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThe construction of full scale architectural elements has the double purpose of experimental control for researchers and teaching resource for students. In the first case model allows to make an experimental verification, creating a reference point to confirm or refute the starting hypothesis. The second function makes possible to stimulate students’ way of thinking, involving both abstract and concrete design aspects. This link between research, teaching and practice of construction is shown in various examples. This relation represents a necessary element in order to successfully proceed in the advance of architectural experimentation.Item The experience of a pioneer research program in architecture in Évora(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Salema, Sofia; Soares, João; Rivera, Jorge Croce; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThree years ago the University of Évora implemented a research PhD program in architecture. Generally a doctorate in architecture has been an academic title awarded to architects who present a theoretical dissertation; however, for us, as a young but promising school of architecture it was just natural that a project (as a methodology,a process of knowledge or simulation of a hypothesis) could be part of an advanced research in architecture. Thus, we started with this doctoral program seeking toquestion the current model of PhD programs and to established a new pioneering paradigm syllabus in the national context with the intention to reach the international arena During the course syllabus the project lab integrates the formulation of a theoretical hypothesis (a conjecture), that becomes an architectural design, which is unique, but simultaneously an universal knowledge. The program already had two editions were PhD students have been encouraged to develop advanced research and to foster interaction between the theoretical and architecture production. Currently no research has yet finished. Students, although much interested in this type of research, are divided in their approach to architectureas a theoretical, speculative and critical field, and to architecture as a field of research. Students and teachers are interested in research that develops their architecture design skills, as a relevant process of advancement knowledge in architecture.We believe that PhD syllabus will contribute to demystify and implement the concept of advanced studies in architecture, based on architectural research. This paper will share some of the ideas, doubts, and results of our PhD program.Item Knowledge and studio culture in Portuguese architectural schools since Bologna(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Pinto, Pedro da Luz; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThe curricular harmonization of the European courses, the Bologna Process (1999-2009), relocated an emphasis in the specificity of architectural education inside auniversity environment. Nowadays, the architect’s basic training embraces a Master’sdegree and compromises research as an educational purpose. Furthermore, doctoralcourses and research centres are associated, framing funding and evaluation, andpressing an overall urge for professional academic production, which can move theschools away from the construction site into the library and the laboratory, turningthe learning programs into extensions of the research ones. Therefore, in the halls ofthe design studio arise the researcher-teacher-designer, professor Clark Kent (Figueira,2013). Within this scenario, the article exposes both the organizational, curricular anddidactical evolutions in Portuguese schools, and inquires the models and theknowledge, transmitted and produced, trying to foresee any paradoxes requiring an epistemological clarification.Item Why architectural design and research are not more relevant in the real world?(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Komac, Urša; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesArchitecture, to be successful, has to be influential and relevant. It cannot thrive byitself, apart from the world. Resources are limited. Costs and benefits are not borne only by the client. The growing suburbia, based on standardised vulgarisation of styles of the past has become to be the most successful contemporary residential typology. Suburbia is not only prevalent, in its most vile form, in North America and,in a more amiable form, in Europe, but it’s threatening to attract the aspirational middle class in the overpopulated, thriving emerging economies. The ongoing transferof the office park, shopping mall and detached suburban house model is leading to construction of horrendously unliveable mega-non-cities like Jakarta or Kuala Lumpur.I believe architects should influence decision-makers on the search of alternatives tomake cities walkable, cyclable, connected, and efficient. These alternatives must lie beyond the mixture of naïveté and kitsch of the so-called New UrbanismItem Transreal topographies : manifesting the unconscious(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Kypraiou, Diony; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesDrawing largely upon a study of the ‘transreal’1 topographies of the late 19th century,with a focus on the Freudian topographic constructions through drawings and criticalreviews of Freud’s own writings, this paper examines the role of the unconscious as adrive in the creative design process and its impact on the conception, perception andexperience of space. In an attempt to examine the relation between the Freudianunconscious and the space, this paper presents a set of constructed topographies,including the actual psychoanalytical setting and, a recreation of Freud’s desk, as themanifested topography of his own unconscious. Operating as an analogical act of‘unearthing’ that ‘brings to light’ a multiplicity of layers where unconscious appearsanalogous to physical space; this paper aims at a negotiation of ‘transreal’topographies as extended projections of instincts, desires, fantasies and fears; a siteof mutation that-‘as an expanse of ruins’-demands a disruption to reveal the depthof its spatialityItem Learning from Markethall(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Keppl, Julián; Sichman, Martin; Síp, Lukás; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesFaculty of Architecture in cooperation student studio project. Its main topic of Old Market hall in Bratislava. Objective operational and social qualities to this work ranged from analytical to the realization 1:1 scale or prototypes of critical details signed architectural interventions, solved quently constructed those details in the tails often resulted in the change of studio aimed at promoting active working the design process.Item Time in modernist architecture: an approach(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Jasper, Michael; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesTwo propositions underpin this paper. The first is thematic: there is a largelyunexamined temporality specific to modernist architecture, one independent ofmovement. A close reading of certain projects from the perspective of time mayreveal the devices and formal moves deployed to achieve the characteristic effects ofthat temporality. The second proposition is methodological: that the analysis ofcertain works of architecture as manifestations of design-led research revealdiscipline-specific problems. These research problems are rendered as form relations,composition strategies, and spatial effects. Variations as to how such problems areresponded to in turn constitute contributions to architectural knowledge.Item Considering the diagram and design research(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Burke, Anthony; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesWhile there has been much written on the role of the drawing in architecture as aform of re-presentation and reflective practice, this paper argues that the diagram asa specific graphic type, is an essential generative component of design research and central to claims for innovation or the production of new knowledge through contemporary design, yet not understood in the context of design research moregenerally. As an abstract and highly idiosyncratic form of notation, the diagramuniquely situates innovation within visual forms of enquiry. This paper speculates onhow diagrams communicate, both internally to the discipline and externally to newextra-disciplinary research fields as a function of innovation, and in this sense, whatwork in terms of design research they do.Item Research by Design—situating practice-based research as part of a tradition of knowledge production, exemplified through the works of le Corbusier(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2014) Hauberg, Jørgen; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesResearch by design concerns the various ways in which design and research are generallyinterconnected in the production of new knowledge through the act of designing.This paper discusses the role and value of research by design especially through theworks of Le Corbusier. It seeks to demonstrate, how the development of types andprograms contributes to theory building in architectural research. Le Corbusier’s developmentof a constructive system (from the Dom-ino houses to an actual skeletonframe), a dwelling type (from Maison Citrohan to universal block of flats) and a citymodel(from a City of Three Million Inhabitants to a Linear Industrial City) representsa reflective practice through which architectural theory is developed in direct engagementwith the basic media of architecture: objects, sketches, diagrams, notationsand texts.The paper suggests that work like Le Corbusier’s, although never intended as research,demonstrates a hybrid practice between design and theory, which reachesbeyond the single projects and unique piece of work, and contributes to theory buildingthrough research by design.The paper presents building types – examples and proposals developed by the author.The intention is to illustrate a combined practice of investigating architecture’shistory and theory with designing, and is presented as examples of research bydesign.