Exploring affective responses in stretching exercises
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2023
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Objetivo. O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado consistiu em analisar as respostas afetivas em exercícios de alongamentos. Primeiramente, foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL) para explorar 1) a utilidade e viabilidade de core affect avaliado com a Feeling Scale (FS) e/ou Felt Arousal Scale (FAS); 2) o momento de aplicação das escalas; e 3) a sua aplicação e interpretação contextual. Em segundo lugar, foi realizado um estudo quasi experimental para 1) comparar as respostas afetivas durante e imediatamente após exercícios de alongamentos em adultos aparentemente saudáveis, de forma a detetar a existência de um affective rebound e compreender o momento adequado para uma avaliação; 2) verificar a confiabilidade e a concordância das respostas afetivas através de um teste re-teste realizado com uma semana de intervalo. Método. Para a RSL, uma pesquisa foi realizada entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2022 nas bases de dados PubMed, SportDISCUS, PsycINFO. Os estudos incluíram a FS e a FAS aplicada a atividades de alongamento, em adultos aparentemente saudáveis. A pesquisa dos artigos foi baseada no modelo PICO, de acordo com as recomendações do PRISMA. Um total de 141 títulos foram identificados e 12 estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Foi também realizado um estudo quasi-experimental com uma amostra de 34 participantes, experientes em exercício físico (32.8 ± 8.6 anos). As respostas afetivas foram medidas durante e imediatamente após 5 exercícios de alongamento estático. Os exercícios foram realizados em 3 intensidades diferentes: leve, moderada e vigorosa, respetivamente. Foi realizada uma ANCOVA de medidas repetidas, onde o sexo foi utilizado como co-variável. Para garantir a fiabilidade e a concordância, foi testado um coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) de dois fatores de concordância absoluta e gráficos de Bland-Altman. Resultados. A RSL demonstrou que ambas as escalas parecem ser viáveis de utilizar em exercícios com alongamentos, apesar de limitações associadas ao momento de medição, que limitam a interpretação do core affect. O segundo estudo demonstrou um affective rebound em todas as intensidades, particularmente notório na intensidade vigorosa, sugerindo que o core affect deve ser avaliado durante o exercício de alongamento. Em geral, a repetibilidade entre dias para as medidas de FS e FAS foi boa em todos os grupos musculares alongados. Os ICCs tenderam a ser superiores nas medições realizadas durante o alongamento em intensidade vigorosa. Conclusão. A RSL demonstrou que a avaliação do core affect em atividades relacionadas ao alongamento carece de suporte metodológico, e que os resultados não puderam ser interpretados adequadamente devido à heterogeneidade dos protocolos dos estudos incluídos. Os resultados do estudo quasi-experimental apresentaram evidências de que uma avaliação adequada deve ser realizada durante o alongamento, e que ambas as escalas representam uma abordagem viável e ecologicamente válida para medir o core affect. Concluindo, os resultados corroboram a confiabilidade dessas escalas psicométricas e dos métodos utilizados, sugerindo novas orientações quanto à aplicação das escalas durante os exercícios de alongamento. Palavras-chave. Core affect, alongamento, feeling scale, felt arousal scale, exercício.
Purpose. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the affective responses in stretching related activities. First, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to explore 1) the utility and feasibility of core affect measured with FS and/or FAS; 2) the timing of application of these scales; and 3) its contextual applicability and interpretability. Secondly, a quasi experimental study was conducted to 1) compare affective responses during and immediately after stretching exercises in apparently healthy adults, to detect a possible affective rebound and better understand the adequate timing for assessment; 2) to verify the reliability and agreement of the affective responses assessment through a test-retest performed 1 week apart. Method. A search was conducted from January to February 2022 in the PubMed databases, SportDISCUS, PsycINFO. The studies included the feeling scale and the felt arousal scale applied to stretching activities in apparently healthy adults. The search for the articles was based on the PICO model according to the PRISMA recommendations. 141 titles were identified, and 12 relevant studies were included in the review. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with a sample of 34 trained participants (32.8 ± 8.6 years). Affective responses were performed during and immediately after 5 static stretching exercises. The exercises were performed at 3 different intensities: light, moderate, and vigorous, respectively. Repeated measures ANCOVA was performed, where sex was used as covariate. To ensure reliability and agreement, a two-way mixed effects absolute agreement Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were developed. Results. The SLR showed that both scales seem to be feasible to use in stretching exercises, despite limitations associated with the measurement timing, which limits the interpretation of core affect. In the second study, an affective rebound was observed in all intensities, suggesting that core affect should assessed during the stretching exercise. In general, the inter-day repeatability for FS and FAS measurements was good across the stretched muscle groups. ICCs tended to be higher in measurements performed during the stretch at vigorous intensity. Conclusion. The SLR demonstrated that the evaluation of core affect in stretching-related activities lacked methodological support, and the results of core affect could not be properly interpreted due to the heterogeneity of the study protocols. The results of the study performed presented evidence that measurements should be made during the stretch for an adequate assessment. The FS and FAS applied during the execution of a static stretch represent a feasible and ecologically valid approach to measure core affect. Concluding, the results support the reliability of these psychometric scales and methods used, suggesting new guidelines regarding the application of the scales during the stretching exercises. Keywords. Core affect, stretching, feeling scale, felt arousal scale, exercise.
Purpose. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the affective responses in stretching related activities. First, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to explore 1) the utility and feasibility of core affect measured with FS and/or FAS; 2) the timing of application of these scales; and 3) its contextual applicability and interpretability. Secondly, a quasi experimental study was conducted to 1) compare affective responses during and immediately after stretching exercises in apparently healthy adults, to detect a possible affective rebound and better understand the adequate timing for assessment; 2) to verify the reliability and agreement of the affective responses assessment through a test-retest performed 1 week apart. Method. A search was conducted from January to February 2022 in the PubMed databases, SportDISCUS, PsycINFO. The studies included the feeling scale and the felt arousal scale applied to stretching activities in apparently healthy adults. The search for the articles was based on the PICO model according to the PRISMA recommendations. 141 titles were identified, and 12 relevant studies were included in the review. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with a sample of 34 trained participants (32.8 ± 8.6 years). Affective responses were performed during and immediately after 5 static stretching exercises. The exercises were performed at 3 different intensities: light, moderate, and vigorous, respectively. Repeated measures ANCOVA was performed, where sex was used as covariate. To ensure reliability and agreement, a two-way mixed effects absolute agreement Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were developed. Results. The SLR showed that both scales seem to be feasible to use in stretching exercises, despite limitations associated with the measurement timing, which limits the interpretation of core affect. In the second study, an affective rebound was observed in all intensities, suggesting that core affect should assessed during the stretching exercise. In general, the inter-day repeatability for FS and FAS measurements was good across the stretched muscle groups. ICCs tended to be higher in measurements performed during the stretch at vigorous intensity. Conclusion. The SLR demonstrated that the evaluation of core affect in stretching-related activities lacked methodological support, and the results of core affect could not be properly interpreted due to the heterogeneity of the study protocols. The results of the study performed presented evidence that measurements should be made during the stretch for an adequate assessment. The FS and FAS applied during the execution of a static stretch represent a feasible and ecologically valid approach to measure core affect. Concluding, the results support the reliability of these psychometric scales and methods used, suggesting new guidelines regarding the application of the scales during the stretching exercises. Keywords. Core affect, stretching, feeling scale, felt arousal scale, exercise.
Descrição
Orientação: Diogo dos Santos Teixeira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, DESPORTO, SPORT, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, PHYSICAL EXERCISE